Operational Plan for the Restoration of Diadromous Fishes to the ...

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estoration, and to effectively adjust management to optimize chances for restoration. 12.1.8 Investigate recruitment from natural spawning relative to other enhancement strategies Fry stocking has generated high density juvenile salmon populations in some areas, but the net difference in production from fry stocking versus natural spawning is unknown. Options for optimal enhancement strategy for Maine Rivers can not be determined without these data. Natural spawning encompasses several life history components that are absent in the hatchery program (mate choice, spawning behavior, emergence, etc) and is the ultimate goal of restoration. 12.2.1 Reducing sea-run broodstock needs with a goal of increasing sea-run adult escapement (e.g. alternative broodstock sources, reviewing production needs, evaluation hatchery production potential) This will require forming a team that will either be the same team that handles 12.1.2, or works very closely with that team. The team will develop and review, under a risk-benefit framework, various approaches to achieve this task. The work must also be fully compatible with the BSMP and to achieve this task the GDAT will need to be closely involved. GDAT and Conservation Hatchery Action Team (CHAT) will also review and make final recommendations. 12.3.1 Review methods and ideas for using precocious parr in addition to adults as broodstock This task will be covered under 12.1.2 with consultation with the CHAT, field, and hatchery staff. Further development will be required to make the concepts operational if and when additional life stages are to be used. 12.4.1 Review the potential to rejuvenate kelts, and identify possible uses (e.g. broodstock, spawning escapement) This will require forming a team that will either be the same team that handles tasks 12.1.2 and 12.2.1, or works very closely with those team(s). The team will develop and review the, cost-benefit of various approaches to achieve this task. The work must also be fully compatible with the BSMP and to achieve this task the GDAT will need to be closely involved. GDAT and CHAT will also review and make final recommendations. 12.5.1 Collaborate with PPL, PRRT, and Federal Agencies to assess the Milford fish lift The capability of the proposed Milford fish lift to provide safe, timely, and effective upstream fish passage for Atlantic salmon and other diadromous fish species must be confirmed. Once the lift is operational, MDMR will work with PPL, federal agencies, and the PRRT to evaluate the lift for passage effectiveness for adult salmon. It is our hope that MDMR will be able to use the Veazie Dam fishway trap as a collection point to mark and tag Atlantic salmon during the first year of the lift’s evaluation (prior to removal of the Veazie Dam). PRFP Page 38
12.6.1 Proposal to investigate natural spawning performance of translocated adult salmon Natural spawning is fundamental to restoring self-sustaining populations, and few management actions in the Penobscot promote natural spawning. Escapement to headwater spawning habitat is compromised by upstream passage deficiencies and other factors (e.g. imprinting). The reproductive success of adult sea-run salmon transported directly into spawning habitat will be assessed. The effectiveness of natural spawning relative to other enhancement techniques (e.g. fry stocking) will be assessed (Task 12.1.8). 13.1.1 Literature review evaluating causes and remedies for poor performance of hatchery fry relative to wild fry Survival of hatchery reared juveniles is low relative to naturally reared fish. Although the mechanism for post release mortality is often not well described, physical and behavioral deficiencies in hatchery fish that may contribute to poor survival are well documented. Emerging techniques in the science of reintroduction biology (e.g., environmental conditioning, life-skills training) offer high potential for improved performance, often at minimal cost. Increasing performance of stocked fish may be more cost effective than increasing production of stocked fish as a mechanism for increasing adult returns. These techniques will be examined for applicability to the Maine salmon program. 13.1.2 Literature review evaluating causes and remedies for poor performance of hatchery smolts relative to wild smolts Survival of hatchery-reared juveniles is low relative to naturally reared fish. Although the mechanism for post release mortality is often not well described, physical and behavioral deficiencies in hatchery fish which may contribute to poor survival are well documented. Techniques in the science of reintroduction biology (e.g. environmental conditioning, life-skills training, stocking at night) have the potential to improve hatchery-reared smolt performance. Increasing performance of stocked fish may be more cost effective than increasing production of stocked fish as a mechanism for increasing adult returns. These techniques will be examined for applicability to the Maine salmon program. 13.2.1 Develop an integrated stock enhancement program to optimize adult Atlantic salmon returns The objective is to consider when, where, and how each life stage is stocked in order to maximize their accumulative contributions to adult returns and evaluate the efficacy of stocking. It is critical that we are able to evaluate the contributions of each hatchery product to juvenile production and adult returns. This will require a stocking program that allows for the evaluation of individual stocking strategies (Appendix D fry, GLNFH parr, adults, smolts). Future allocations of hatchery-reared products should consider current data; modeled population viability (Appendix B), potential productivity (Appendix C and Task 13.3.3), logistical constraints, and stocking of other salmon life stages (Task 13.2.2). The plan should review existing PRFP Page 39
Page 1 and 2: Operational Plan for the Restoratio
Page 3 and 4: Table of Contents Introduction ....
Page 5 and 6: Introduction The overarching goal o
Page 7 and 8: Section 1 - Alewife, American eel,
Page 9 and 10: Introduction Five species (shortnos
Page 11 and 12: 3.0 Objective: Rebuild the rainbow
Page 13 and 14: Table 1. List of lakes above Veazie
Page 15 and 16: Figure 1. Alewife Phase 1 habitat (
Page 17 and 18: Table 2. River habitat that histori
Page 19 and 20: Work Plan Table The budget includes
Page 21 and 22: 3.1.3, 3.2.1, and 3.3.1 Estimate th
Page 23 and 24: USFWS (Seavey). Analysis may includ
Page 25 and 26: A boat electrofishing survey (Yoder
Page 27 and 28: Table 5. Results of natural recolon
Page 29 and 30: Because adult shad mortality increa
Page 31 and 32: 11.0 Rebuild the striped bass popul
Page 33 and 34: meta-population. Based on watershed
Page 35 and 36: Objective 12: Increase wild/natural
Page 37 and 38: Work Plan Table The budget includes
Page 39 and 40: 14.1.2 14.1.3 14.2.1 14.2.2 14.2.3
Page 41: 12.1.4 Operate the adult Atlantic s
Page 45 and 46: the ability to target specific area
Page 47 and 48: occur. Assessment is likely to incl
Page 49 and 50: smolts needs to be documented (Task
Page 51 and 52: Section 2 - Passage and Connectivit
Page 53 and 54: Atlantic salmon. Two dams on the St
Page 55 and 56: On the tributaries, the downstream
Page 57 and 58: can prevent the successful downstre
Page 59 and 60: ensure maximum emigration of target
Page 61 and 62: 18.1.2 Strategy: Develop/conduct as
Page 63 and 64: 21.1.1 Strategy: Develop a Memorand
Page 65 and 66: 17.1.6 17.2.1 17.2.2 17.2.3 17.2.4
Page 67 and 68: 17.6.5 17.6.6 17.6.7 18.1.1 18.1.2
Page 69 and 70: 20.1.6 20.1.7 20.1.8 20.1.9 20.2.1
Page 71 and 72: Over the past 20 years, there have
Page 73 and 74: that address fish passage. Similarl
Page 75 and 76: 17.2.4 Assess Fish Passage Improvem
Page 77 and 78: 17.5.1 Review the FERC License and
Page 79 and 80: 18.1.1 Review Need and Process to I
Page 81 and 82: 19.1.4 Consult and/or Partner with
Page 83 and 84: goals, DMR will need to work with l
Page 85 and 86: 21.1.5 Develop Memorandum of Unders
Page 87 and 88: Section 3 - Habitat PRFP Page 83
Page 89 and 90: Hydrology Riparian and organic inpu
Page 91 and 92: 22.8 Strategy: Undertake an IFIM to
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Work Plan Narratives 22.1 Expand US
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Recent surveys in coastal Maine riv
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Section 4 - Non-Native species incl
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23.1.1.1.1.2 East Branch Pond, whic
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Investigate and maintain current bl
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The dam at Schoodic Lake has a 6’
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Work with IFW regional biologists t
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Authors: Joan Trial and Melissa Las
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Objective 28: Support regional and
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Coordinate data collection and shar
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Work Plan Narratives 26.1. Convene
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27.5 Hold an interagency technical
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River Restoration Trust (PRRT or Tr
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Appendices Appendix A - Role of Hat
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Population Structure The ‘concept
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supplementation have been highly su
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3. Blueback Herring Meristic/Morpho
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populations, Waldman et al. (1996)
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Summary No specific information is
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References Anderson, M.G., Vickery,
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Cumberland Basin, New Brunswick. Ph
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Table 1. Sub-drainage and reaches i
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itself verses mortality that may oc
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We estimated cumulative dam mortali
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Female Returns 16000 14000 12000 10
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that must be passed. Furthermore, h
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Appendix C - Penobscot Habitat and
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Parr density (no. / 100 m 2 ) 45 40
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Enfield Weldon to West Enfield Matt
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Habitat (units) Parr Production Hab
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Figure 8. Optimal parr production s
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Subwatershed Dam Reach Management R
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lakes fisheries: a general review a
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ecommended adjustments. While other
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Major flexibility constraints of th
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Table 6. Continued. YOY Parr Result
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Appendix E - Atlantic Salmon Fisher
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easonably be accessed; and 4) minim
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Approximately 600,000 smolts are st
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operations. Adult fish reared speci
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Methods We chose to divide the Peno
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• Measure 1b: Sub-drainages with
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Objective 3: Discontinue supplement
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� Strategy- Assess environmental
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Appendix G - Habitat Survey and Ass
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elated to diadromous fishes upstrea
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designs (GRTS), where samples are r
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with panels starting in year 1, 2,
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incorporate further refinements unt
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in statistical analyses stratum Str
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Appendix I - Downstream Passage Stu
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MILFORD (FERC No. 2534) Project Des
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Bangor-Pacific Hydro Associates. 19
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Shepard, S.L. and S.D. Hall. 1991.
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Options under the Multiparty Settle
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As a result of the discussion at th
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By 2000, PPL (new owner of the dams
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arriers to prevent movement of pike
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Kennebec 2008 WhittierPond Vienna N
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are a coldwater species and need ac
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Figure 4. Total species composition
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northern pike (Lucas 2008, Scott an
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Above1 Run 16.3 551 7 FLF, YLP, WHS
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any given water. During warmer peri
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In Maine, lake trout feed primarily
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Piscataquis drainage will likely of
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approximately 14°C”. These tempe
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cover, and aquatic macrophytes are
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and 2) the availability of data in
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Table 5 Northern Pike Waterway Habi
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4. The 40 largest watebodies in the
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5. About 97 percent of the rivers a
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Human-Caused Introductions Backgrou
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Table 7 Maine Lake Northern Pike Di
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Pattern of Introduction and Dispers
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4) The model developed by Solow and
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Inventory of Risk Rating for Waterb
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(Buck's Falls and Cowyard Falls), m
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Prescott Pond Little Wilson Stream
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Summary of Ecological Risk Introduc
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No improvements were made over the
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Level 3 Management actions These ar
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d. Conduct habitat surveys of the P
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Gallagher, M., R. Dill and G. Krame
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Starfield, A. M. and A. L. Bleloch.
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Appendix A: Trapping/Sorting/Counti
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means to “provide safe, timely an
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comprise the majority of fish passi
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exclusion. Information from publish
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A series TSCF system would route al
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(i.e., total exclusion of the targe
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PRFP Page 281
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PRFP Page 283
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Appendix B Outline for Preliminary
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channel would carry almost 1000 cfs
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powerhouse), rock weir/chevron/rest
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PRFP Page 291
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PRFP Page 294
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PRFP Page 296
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populations. Although each member s
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Appendix K - Northern Pike Movement
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MAINE DEPARTMENT OF MARINE RESOURCE
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Table of Contents (Cont’d) LIST O
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2.0 DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY AREA 2
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3.0 METHODS Both streams were surve
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4.0 RESULTS 4.1 East Branch Lake 4.
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elevation) difference from the crib
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Figure 4: Water and Channel Elevati
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A portion of the stream passes to t
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4.1.3 Wangan and Sanborn brooks are
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Photo 6: View Looking Northwesterly
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location that would prevent fish fr
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APPENDIX 1 SURVEY OF NATURAL BARRIE
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Figure A-1: Orientation of Study Si
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Photo A-3: View from within Sanborn
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Response to Comments and Suggested
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Response: Early mortality syndrome
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population can provide 97,500 alewi
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DMR proposes to expand the Waldobor
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Salmon Comment: There are advocates
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Table 4. Species disposition Specie
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Kingsbury Pond X Long Pond X Long P
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Halfmoon Pond X Hammond Pond X X X
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West Garland Pond X West Lake X X X
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spread of any invasive species, and
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Response: There are conditions when
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Comment: Plan often uses the terms
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