Operational Plan for the Restoration of Diadromous Fishes to the ...

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2. Streamside incubation 3. Fry stocking 4. Parr stocking (graded pre-smolts, ambient fall parr) 5. Smolt stocking 6. Trap and truck sea-run adults to ensure access to quality habitat 7. Captive-reared adult stocking 8. Rejuvenated kelt stocking 9. No stocking - natural reproduction only Fry, parr, and smolt stocking are the standard enhancement practices in the Penobscot watershed. The contribution of hatchery smolt stocking to adult returns is well documented but the relative effectiveness of other enhancement methods is poorly characterized. Research to address these data gaps is prioritized and will focus on fry, parr, (and smolt) stocking treatments and assessments. Trap and truck (adult translocations) will also be investigated as a means of increasing the effective spawning escapement of returning adults. Evaluations of streamside incubation, egg planting and captive-reared adult releases are currently in progress in other Maine rivers. Some or all of these enhancement techniques may have future application in the Penobscot program. Strategies to Increase Adult Escapement to the Penobscot Basin Increasing spawning escapement to upstream reaches is a prerequisite for recovery of salmon populations in the Penobscot River. Currently adult Atlantic salmon escapement is limited by several critical factors: 1. Low number of returning adults from all sources (natural spawning and stocked smolt, fry, and parr). 2. Six hundred and fifty sea-run adults are removed annually to meet hatchery broodstock needs for the fry, parr, and smolt stocking programs. 3. Upstream fish passage facilities are not 100% effective and impede adult escapement upstream. Level of impact is dependent on the number of dams ascended, fish passage facility effectiveness, and environmental conditions. Operational Objectives The objectives presented here provide a link between the objectives in the SMP and the tasks within the operational plan. Most of the tasks within the operational plan relate to strategic objectives 4 (achieve self-sustaining smolt to adult return rates) and 5 (achieve interim juvenile life stage-specific measures) (Appendix F). Both of those objectives are derived from strategic objective 2 (Increase natural spawning). Each task within the operational plan has been associated with one operational objective, but may be related to others. Inherent with each objective is the need to assess our management actions and report our findings. Appropriate operational measures will be associated with each strategy to evaluate the action and inform the adaptive management process. PRFP Page 30
Objective 12: Increase wild/natural spawning • 12.1 Strategy- Define the best use (disposition) of Atlantic salmon adult returns based on origin, age, run timing, and stocking needs. • 12.2 Strategy- Reduce Broodstock requirement by collection alternative life stages (parr or smolts) and rear to adults to supplement sea-run broodstock requirements and or adult escapement • 12.3 Strategy- Reduce Broodstock requirement by spawning additional life stages (precocious parr) • 12.4 Strategy- Rejuvenate kelts to augment hatchery broodstock and spawning escapement • 12.5 Strategy- Improve fish passage to effectively increase adult spawners upstream • 12.6 Strategy- Adult Atlantic salmon translocation to increase and aggregate spawning escapement into quality habitat Objective 13: Increase juvenile survival • 13.1 Strategy- Increase the quality of hatchery products (e.g., genetic, physical, physiological, behavioral) through improved rearing practices, conditioning, and broodstock fitness • 13.2 Strategy- Improve stocking methods (where, when and how) to increase survival of the hatchery product • 13.3 Strategy- Assess environmental conditions that maximize survival of hatchery products • 13.4 Strategy- Improve habitat quality and complexity (e.g., physical, chemical, ecological) to maximize salmon production (See Section 3 and Appendix G) • 13.5 Strategy- Increase connectivity to quality habitat to maximize salmon production (See Section 2) Objective 14: Increase smolt to adult survival • 14.1 Strategy- Circumvent marine mortality by captive-rearing wild smolts to maturity (e.g. sea-cage rearing) and release pre-spawning in to superior habitat • 14.2 Strategy- Stock smolts in locations and at times that maximizes returns rate • 14.3 Strategy- Improve downstream passage efficiency for smolts Objective 15: Increase the number of hatchery Atlantic salmon stocked • 15.1 Strategy- Increase or reallocate hatchery production to increase the production of high returning products (i.e., more smolts) Operational Measures The operational measures listed below will be used to evaluate the success of individual tasks through life stage-specific measures. Interim life-stage measures PRFP Page 31
Page 1 and 2: Operational Plan for the Restoratio
Page 3 and 4: Table of Contents Introduction ....
Page 5 and 6: Introduction The overarching goal o
Page 7 and 8: Section 1 - Alewife, American eel,
Page 9 and 10: Introduction Five species (shortnos
Page 11 and 12: 3.0 Objective: Rebuild the rainbow
Page 13 and 14: Table 1. List of lakes above Veazie
Page 15 and 16: Figure 1. Alewife Phase 1 habitat (
Page 17 and 18: Table 2. River habitat that histori
Page 19 and 20: Work Plan Table The budget includes
Page 21 and 22: 3.1.3, 3.2.1, and 3.3.1 Estimate th
Page 23 and 24: USFWS (Seavey). Analysis may includ
Page 25 and 26: A boat electrofishing survey (Yoder
Page 27 and 28: Table 5. Results of natural recolon
Page 29 and 30: Because adult shad mortality increa
Page 31 and 32: 11.0 Rebuild the striped bass popul
Page 33: meta-population. Based on watershed
Page 37 and 38: Work Plan Table The budget includes
Page 39 and 40: 14.1.2 14.1.3 14.2.1 14.2.2 14.2.3
Page 41 and 42: 12.1.4 Operate the adult Atlantic s
Page 43 and 44: 12.6.1 Proposal to investigate natu
Page 45 and 46: the ability to target specific area
Page 47 and 48: occur. Assessment is likely to incl
Page 49 and 50: smolts needs to be documented (Task
Page 51 and 52: Section 2 - Passage and Connectivit
Page 53 and 54: Atlantic salmon. Two dams on the St
Page 55 and 56: On the tributaries, the downstream
Page 57 and 58: can prevent the successful downstre
Page 59 and 60: ensure maximum emigration of target
Page 61 and 62: 18.1.2 Strategy: Develop/conduct as
Page 63 and 64: 21.1.1 Strategy: Develop a Memorand
Page 65 and 66: 17.1.6 17.2.1 17.2.2 17.2.3 17.2.4
Page 67 and 68: 17.6.5 17.6.6 17.6.7 18.1.1 18.1.2
Page 69 and 70: 20.1.6 20.1.7 20.1.8 20.1.9 20.2.1
Page 71 and 72: Over the past 20 years, there have
Page 73 and 74: that address fish passage. Similarl
Page 75 and 76: 17.2.4 Assess Fish Passage Improvem
Page 77 and 78: 17.5.1 Review the FERC License and
Page 79 and 80: 18.1.1 Review Need and Process to I
Page 81 and 82: 19.1.4 Consult and/or Partner with
Page 83 and 84: goals, DMR will need to work with l
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21.1.5 Develop Memorandum of Unders
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Section 3 - Habitat PRFP Page 83
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Hydrology Riparian and organic inpu
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22.8 Strategy: Undertake an IFIM to
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Work Plan Narratives 22.1 Expand US
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Recent surveys in coastal Maine riv
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Section 4 - Non-Native species incl
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23.1.1.1.1.2 East Branch Pond, whic
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Investigate and maintain current bl
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The dam at Schoodic Lake has a 6’
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Work with IFW regional biologists t
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Authors: Joan Trial and Melissa Las
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Objective 28: Support regional and
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Coordinate data collection and shar
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Work Plan Narratives 26.1. Convene
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27.5 Hold an interagency technical
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River Restoration Trust (PRRT or Tr
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Appendices Appendix A - Role of Hat
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Population Structure The ‘concept
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supplementation have been highly su
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3. Blueback Herring Meristic/Morpho
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populations, Waldman et al. (1996)
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Summary No specific information is
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References Anderson, M.G., Vickery,
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Cumberland Basin, New Brunswick. Ph
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Table 1. Sub-drainage and reaches i
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itself verses mortality that may oc
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We estimated cumulative dam mortali
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Female Returns 16000 14000 12000 10
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that must be passed. Furthermore, h
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Appendix C - Penobscot Habitat and
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Parr density (no. / 100 m 2 ) 45 40
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Enfield Weldon to West Enfield Matt
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Habitat (units) Parr Production Hab
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Figure 8. Optimal parr production s
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Subwatershed Dam Reach Management R
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lakes fisheries: a general review a
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ecommended adjustments. While other
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Major flexibility constraints of th
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Table 6. Continued. YOY Parr Result
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Appendix E - Atlantic Salmon Fisher
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easonably be accessed; and 4) minim
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Approximately 600,000 smolts are st
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operations. Adult fish reared speci
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Methods We chose to divide the Peno
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• Measure 1b: Sub-drainages with
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Objective 3: Discontinue supplement
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� Strategy- Assess environmental
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Appendix G - Habitat Survey and Ass
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elated to diadromous fishes upstrea
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designs (GRTS), where samples are r
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with panels starting in year 1, 2,
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incorporate further refinements unt
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in statistical analyses stratum Str
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Appendix I - Downstream Passage Stu
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MILFORD (FERC No. 2534) Project Des
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Bangor-Pacific Hydro Associates. 19
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Shepard, S.L. and S.D. Hall. 1991.
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Options under the Multiparty Settle
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As a result of the discussion at th
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By 2000, PPL (new owner of the dams
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arriers to prevent movement of pike
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Kennebec 2008 WhittierPond Vienna N
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are a coldwater species and need ac
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Figure 4. Total species composition
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northern pike (Lucas 2008, Scott an
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Above1 Run 16.3 551 7 FLF, YLP, WHS
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any given water. During warmer peri
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In Maine, lake trout feed primarily
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Piscataquis drainage will likely of
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approximately 14°C”. These tempe
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cover, and aquatic macrophytes are
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and 2) the availability of data in
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Table 5 Northern Pike Waterway Habi
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4. The 40 largest watebodies in the
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5. About 97 percent of the rivers a
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Human-Caused Introductions Backgrou
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Table 7 Maine Lake Northern Pike Di
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Pattern of Introduction and Dispers
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4) The model developed by Solow and
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Inventory of Risk Rating for Waterb
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(Buck's Falls and Cowyard Falls), m
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Prescott Pond Little Wilson Stream
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Summary of Ecological Risk Introduc
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No improvements were made over the
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Level 3 Management actions These ar
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d. Conduct habitat surveys of the P
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Gallagher, M., R. Dill and G. Krame
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Starfield, A. M. and A. L. Bleloch.
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Appendix A: Trapping/Sorting/Counti
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means to “provide safe, timely an
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comprise the majority of fish passi
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exclusion. Information from publish
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A series TSCF system would route al
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(i.e., total exclusion of the targe
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PRFP Page 281
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PRFP Page 283
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Appendix B Outline for Preliminary
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channel would carry almost 1000 cfs
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powerhouse), rock weir/chevron/rest
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PRFP Page 291
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PRFP Page 294
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PRFP Page 296
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populations. Although each member s
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Appendix K - Northern Pike Movement
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MAINE DEPARTMENT OF MARINE RESOURCE
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Table of Contents (Cont’d) LIST O
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2.0 DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY AREA 2
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3.0 METHODS Both streams were surve
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4.0 RESULTS 4.1 East Branch Lake 4.
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elevation) difference from the crib
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Figure 4: Water and Channel Elevati
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A portion of the stream passes to t
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4.1.3 Wangan and Sanborn brooks are
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Photo 6: View Looking Northwesterly
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location that would prevent fish fr
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APPENDIX 1 SURVEY OF NATURAL BARRIE
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Figure A-1: Orientation of Study Si
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Photo A-3: View from within Sanborn
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Response to Comments and Suggested
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Response: Early mortality syndrome
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population can provide 97,500 alewi
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DMR proposes to expand the Waldobor
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Salmon Comment: There are advocates
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Table 4. Species disposition Specie
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Kingsbury Pond X Long Pond X Long P
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Halfmoon Pond X Hammond Pond X X X
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West Garland Pond X West Lake X X X
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spread of any invasive species, and
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Response: There are conditions when
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Comment: Plan often uses the terms
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