Operational Plan for the Restoration of Diadromous Fishes to the ...

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Table 2. Results of fry stocking model. 318 fry to adult 1.162790698 generational reproductive rate Fry stocking years Return Annual adult years returns Y1-5 Y6-10 Y11-15 Y16-20 Y21-25 Y26-30 Y31-35 Y36-40 Y41-45 Y46-51 6,000,000 6,000,000 6,000,000 6,000,000 6,000,000 6,000,000 6,000,000 6,000,000 6,000,000 6,000,000 Y6-10 18,868 18,868 Y11-15 40,807 21,939 18,868 Y16-20 66,318 25,511 21,939 18,868 Y21-25 95,982 29,664 25,511 21,939 18,868 Y26-30 130,475 34,493 29,664 25,511 21,939 18,868 Y31-35 170,583 40,108 34,493 29,664 25,511 21,939 18,868 Y36-40 217,221 46,637 40,108 34,493 29,664 25,511 21,939 18,868 Y41-45 271,450 54,229 46,637 40,108 34,493 29,664 25,511 21,939 18,868 Y46-50 334,508 63,057 54,229 46,637 40,108 34,493 29,664 25,511 21,939 18,868 Y51-55 407,830 73,323 63,057 54,229 46,637 40,108 34,493 29,664 25,511 21,939 18,868 Y56-60 474,221 85,259 73,323 63,057 54,229 46,637 40,108 34,493 29,664 25,511 21,939 Y61-65 551,420 99,138 85,259 73,323 63,057 54,229 46,637 40,108 34,493 29,664 25,511 Y66 641,186 115,277 99,138 85,259 73,323 63,057 54,229 46,637 40,108 34,493 29,664 Return years Fry stocking years Annual adult returns Y1-5 Y6-10 Y11-15 Y16-20 Y21-25 Y26-30 Y31-35 Y36-40 Y41-45 Y46-51 12,000,000 12,000,000 12,000,000 12,000,000 12,000,000 12,000,000 12,000,000 12,000,000 12,000,000 12,000,000 Y6-10 37,736 37,736 Y11-15 81,615 43,879 37,736 Y16-20 132,637 51,022 43,879 37,736 Y21-25 191,965 59,328 51,022 43,879 37,736 Y26-30 260,950 68,986 59,328 51,022 43,879 37,736 Y31-35 341,167 80,216 68,986 59,328 51,022 43,879 37,736 Y36-40 434,441 93,275 80,216 68,986 59,328 51,022 43,879 37,736 Y41-45 542,900 108,459 93,275 80,216 68,986 59,328 51,022 43,879 37,736 Y46-50 669,015 126,115 108,459 93,275 80,216 68,986 59,328 51,022 43,879 37,736 Table 3. Nearest potential sources of American shad broodstock. River system Distance Status of run Penobscot 0 mi Size unknown, not easily captured Narraguagus 100 adults in 2008 Kennebec/Androscoggin 58 mi Size unknown, ongoing restoration, not easily captured Saco 93 mi ~1200 adults, ongoing restoration, capture at fishlift Merrimack 125 mi ~29,000 in 2008, ongoing restoration, capture at fishlift St. John 179 mi Less than 1000 in 28 of 29 years from 1974-2002 Other Diadromous Fish Comment: There is a need to stop the commercial fishing for lamprey and perhaps eels. Response: DMR is not aware of any commercial harvest for lamprey in the Penobscot drainage. Eel harvest in the entire State is a very small percentage of total east coast harvest, and would require a legislative change. Comment: Has DMR considered other species like sea run white perch? Response: We believe all diadromous species are addressed in the plan. Bigelow and Schroeder note that white perch are not anadromous in the Gulf of Maine, and they have never been caught in our beach seine surveys in the lower river. PRFP Page 337
Salmon Comment: There are advocates of active Atlantic salmon restoration and would like it to be speeded up to 10 years rather than 40. Response: Ten years encompasses only two Atlantic salmon generations (approximately 5 years per generation). This time frame is far too short for 1) a sustained population response, and 2) to implement management actions and adjust as the actions are either successful or unsuccessful. Furthermore, longer time frames are necessary when habitat improvements are needed for restoration. However, the plan is to restore sections of the basin over time: this may result in important sections of the basin restored over a much shorter time frame. The 40 year time table is aggressive, but allows time to test management strategies and improve management. It also allows time for habitat improvements to occur and have an effect on the ecosystem. Finally, with limited resources, all possible actions cannot be performed everywhere; therefore a phased approach over time is necessary. This timeline is intended to inform managers as to how to structure recovery actions over space and time, and to assess progress towards recovery objectives. It does not preclude faster recovery, but does provide a yardstick by which to measure our progress. Comment: A commenter recommended more use of instream hatcheries for salmon. Response: The objective of salmon restoration is to establish a self-sustaining salmon population. This operational plan was developed to maximize the benefit from hatcheries within the constraints of the current salmon program. Ultimately, hatcheries would not be needed. With that said, in basin hatcheries would provide many benefits to the salmon program. For example, timing of hatching and emergence would be synchronized with natural production in the River. However, It is likely that the hatchery environment itself is a bigger factor than location. Comment: Predation by cormorants and seals is not addressed in the plan. Response: Predation of salmon by cormorants and seals is an issue that we are concerned about. One hypothesis is that by restoring other diadromous species such as alewife, blueback herring, and shad, predators will have an alternative prey base. Thus, providing a “prey buffer” for salmon as well as, trout and smallmouth bass. One unknown is the possibility of a numerical response, an increase in the abundance of a predator species. If food resources are the limiting factor for a predator species, we would expect an increase in their population. However, if another factor is limiting their abundance, such as roosting sites, then an increase in their forage base would not result in a numerical response. Comment: Several people expressed skepticism of the fry stocking program. Response: Currently, the salmon program is geared towards fry stocking and smolt production. There is limited ability to change that in the near-term. However, there are several tasks in the operational plan that are directly and indirectly related to fry stocking and freshwater production. Task 12.1.1 (p37) the development of a Broodstock Management Plan will outline a strategy for the disposition of adult returns. The primary objective of the management plan is to increase adult escapement. By PRFP Page 338
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Operational Plan for the Restoratio
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Table of Contents Introduction ....
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Introduction The overarching goal o
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Section 1 - Alewife, American eel,
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Introduction Five species (shortnos
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3.0 Objective: Rebuild the rainbow
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Table 1. List of lakes above Veazie
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Figure 1. Alewife Phase 1 habitat (
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Table 2. River habitat that histori
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Work Plan Table The budget includes
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3.1.3, 3.2.1, and 3.3.1 Estimate th
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USFWS (Seavey). Analysis may includ
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A boat electrofishing survey (Yoder
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Table 5. Results of natural recolon
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Because adult shad mortality increa
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11.0 Rebuild the striped bass popul
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meta-population. Based on watershed
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Objective 12: Increase wild/natural
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Work Plan Table The budget includes
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14.1.2 14.1.3 14.2.1 14.2.2 14.2.3
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12.1.4 Operate the adult Atlantic s
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12.6.1 Proposal to investigate natu
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the ability to target specific area
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occur. Assessment is likely to incl
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smolts needs to be documented (Task
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Section 2 - Passage and Connectivit
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Atlantic salmon. Two dams on the St
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On the tributaries, the downstream
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can prevent the successful downstre
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ensure maximum emigration of target
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18.1.2 Strategy: Develop/conduct as
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21.1.1 Strategy: Develop a Memorand
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17.1.6 17.2.1 17.2.2 17.2.3 17.2.4
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17.6.5 17.6.6 17.6.7 18.1.1 18.1.2
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20.1.6 20.1.7 20.1.8 20.1.9 20.2.1
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Over the past 20 years, there have
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that address fish passage. Similarl
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17.2.4 Assess Fish Passage Improvem
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17.5.1 Review the FERC License and
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18.1.1 Review Need and Process to I
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19.1.4 Consult and/or Partner with
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goals, DMR will need to work with l
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21.1.5 Develop Memorandum of Unders
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Section 3 - Habitat PRFP Page 83
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Hydrology Riparian and organic inpu
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22.8 Strategy: Undertake an IFIM to
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Work Plan Narratives 22.1 Expand US
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Recent surveys in coastal Maine riv
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Section 4 - Non-Native species incl
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23.1.1.1.1.2 East Branch Pond, whic
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Investigate and maintain current bl
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The dam at Schoodic Lake has a 6’
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Work with IFW regional biologists t
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Authors: Joan Trial and Melissa Las
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Objective 28: Support regional and
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Coordinate data collection and shar
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Work Plan Narratives 26.1. Convene
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27.5 Hold an interagency technical
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River Restoration Trust (PRRT or Tr
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Appendices Appendix A - Role of Hat
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Population Structure The ‘concept
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supplementation have been highly su
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3. Blueback Herring Meristic/Morpho
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populations, Waldman et al. (1996)
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Summary No specific information is
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References Anderson, M.G., Vickery,
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Cumberland Basin, New Brunswick. Ph
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Table 1. Sub-drainage and reaches i
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itself verses mortality that may oc
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We estimated cumulative dam mortali
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Female Returns 16000 14000 12000 10
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that must be passed. Furthermore, h
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Appendix C - Penobscot Habitat and
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Parr density (no. / 100 m 2 ) 45 40
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Enfield Weldon to West Enfield Matt
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Habitat (units) Parr Production Hab
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Figure 8. Optimal parr production s
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Subwatershed Dam Reach Management R
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lakes fisheries: a general review a
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ecommended adjustments. While other
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Major flexibility constraints of th
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Table 6. Continued. YOY Parr Result
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Appendix E - Atlantic Salmon Fisher
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easonably be accessed; and 4) minim
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Approximately 600,000 smolts are st
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operations. Adult fish reared speci
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Methods We chose to divide the Peno
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• Measure 1b: Sub-drainages with
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Objective 3: Discontinue supplement
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� Strategy- Assess environmental
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Appendix G - Habitat Survey and Ass
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elated to diadromous fishes upstrea
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designs (GRTS), where samples are r
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with panels starting in year 1, 2,
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incorporate further refinements unt
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in statistical analyses stratum Str
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Appendix I - Downstream Passage Stu
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MILFORD (FERC No. 2534) Project Des
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Bangor-Pacific Hydro Associates. 19
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Shepard, S.L. and S.D. Hall. 1991.
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Options under the Multiparty Settle
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As a result of the discussion at th
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By 2000, PPL (new owner of the dams
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arriers to prevent movement of pike
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Kennebec 2008 WhittierPond Vienna N
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are a coldwater species and need ac
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Figure 4. Total species composition
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northern pike (Lucas 2008, Scott an
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Above1 Run 16.3 551 7 FLF, YLP, WHS
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any given water. During warmer peri
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In Maine, lake trout feed primarily
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Piscataquis drainage will likely of
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approximately 14°C”. These tempe
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cover, and aquatic macrophytes are
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and 2) the availability of data in
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Table 5 Northern Pike Waterway Habi
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4. The 40 largest watebodies in the
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5. About 97 percent of the rivers a
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Human-Caused Introductions Backgrou
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Table 7 Maine Lake Northern Pike Di
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Pattern of Introduction and Dispers
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4) The model developed by Solow and
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Inventory of Risk Rating for Waterb
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(Buck's Falls and Cowyard Falls), m
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Prescott Pond Little Wilson Stream
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Summary of Ecological Risk Introduc
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No improvements were made over the
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Level 3 Management actions These ar
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d. Conduct habitat surveys of the P
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Gallagher, M., R. Dill and G. Krame
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Starfield, A. M. and A. L. Bleloch.
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Appendix A: Trapping/Sorting/Counti
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means to “provide safe, timely an
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comprise the majority of fish passi
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exclusion. Information from publish
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A series TSCF system would route al
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(i.e., total exclusion of the targe
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PRFP Page 281
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PRFP Page 283
Page 289 and 290: Appendix B Outline for Preliminary
Page 291 and 292: channel would carry almost 1000 cfs
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Page 301 and 302: populations. Although each member s
Page 303 and 304: Appendix K - Northern Pike Movement
Page 305 and 306: MAINE DEPARTMENT OF MARINE RESOURCE
Page 307 and 308: Table of Contents (Cont’d) LIST O
Page 309 and 310: 2.0 DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY AREA 2
Page 311 and 312: 3.0 METHODS Both streams were surve
Page 313 and 314: 4.0 RESULTS 4.1 East Branch Lake 4.
Page 315 and 316: elevation) difference from the crib
Page 317 and 318: Figure 4: Water and Channel Elevati
Page 319 and 320: A portion of the stream passes to t
Page 321 and 322: 4.1.3 Wangan and Sanborn brooks are
Page 323 and 324: Photo 6: View Looking Northwesterly
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Page 327 and 328: APPENDIX 1 SURVEY OF NATURAL BARRIE
Page 329 and 330: Figure A-1: Orientation of Study Si
Page 331 and 332: Photo A-3: View from within Sanborn
Page 333 and 334: Response to Comments and Suggested
Page 335 and 336: Response: Early mortality syndrome
Page 337 and 338: population can provide 97,500 alewi
Page 339: DMR proposes to expand the Waldobor
Page 343 and 344: Table 4. Species disposition Specie
Page 345 and 346: Kingsbury Pond X Long Pond X Long P
Page 347 and 348: Halfmoon Pond X Hammond Pond X X X
Page 349 and 350: West Garland Pond X West Lake X X X
Page 351 and 352: spread of any invasive species, and
Page 353 and 354: Response: There are conditions when
Page 355 and 356: Comment: Plan often uses the terms
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