Operational Plan for the Restoration of Diadromous Fishes to the ...

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Authors: Authors: Melissa Laser (editor), Fred Seavey (USFWS), Richard Dill (MDIFW), Merry Gallagher (MDIFW), Tim Obrey (MDIFW), Jeff Reardon (Penobscot Trust), Rory Saunders (NOAA), Tara Trinko (NOAA), Joan Trial (MDMR), Peter Ruksznis (MDMR) Introduction Lack of access to habitat has been a major contributor to the decline of many species in the basin. This presents an enormous challenge for the resource agencies and other conservation interests who are actively involved in fish restoration efforts, given that dams and other barriers such as culverts have greatly reduced the amount and accessibility of spawning and rearing habitat that once was available. These barriers also serve to restrict the natural dispersal of non-native fishes. The intentional introduction of smallmouth bass into the watershed in the late 1860s led to its expansion throughout the watershed such that virtually every accessible, suitable habitat reach, including dozens of tributary lakes and ponds, has now been colonized and it is managed by MDIFW as a sport fish. Brown trout, an exotic species native to Europe, is stocked by MDIFW for recreational fishing. Chain pickerel, managed by MDIFW as sport fish, were introduced into Maine waters in the 1800s and have been spread legally and illegally throughout the basin. Landlocked salmon and white perch are native to the Penobscot basin, but their range has been artificially expanded. Numerous other non-native fish species have since been introduced (some intentional, some illegal, some accidental) over more recent decades, which has exacerbated the problems associated with changes in community assemblages and food web interactions. Since 1983, black crappie, green sunfish, largemouth bass, white catfish, central mudminnow and northern pike have been illegally introduced into the Penobscot basin. Goal, Objectives and Strategies Goal: Restore and maintain a healthy aquatic ecosystem that conserves native biodiversity and manages or prevents the invasion of non-native aquatic species Objective 23: Restrict upstream passage of non-native species where risks are the greatest. Measure: Identified areas of concern 24.1. Strategy: Perform risk assessments for non-native species prior to changes at fishways. 23.1.1 Task: Implement the management actions from the Piscataquis River Northern Pike Risk assessment (see Appendix J) 23.1.1.1 Third party survey of potential connections and a development of solutions between West Branch and the Pleasant (Immediate need Appendix K) - $15,000 23.1.1.1.1.1 Ebeemee and the West Branch - 2009 PRFP Page 94
23.1.1.1.1.2 East Branch Pond, which flows north and south to Nollesemic Lake to Shad Pond to the West Branch Penobscot below two impassable dams – 2009 23.1.1.2 Maintain current blockages for pike in Sebec upper and lower until phase 1 of alewife restoration is complete and group 1 American shad restoration is complete - 2009 -Develop an MOU to re-visit in 2014 23.1.1.3 Investigate and maintain current blockages for pike in Schoodic lower until phase 1 of alewife restoration is complete and group 1 American shad restoration is complete - 2009 -Develop an MOU to revisit in 2014 23.1.1.4 Create velocity or jump barriers for pike while allowing Atlantic salmon to pass in D-F upper and lower and Guilford lower until phase 1 of alewife restoration is complete and group 1 American shad restoration is complete - 2009 -Develop an MOU to revisit in 2014 23.1.1.5 Continue removal efforts at Pushaw - MDIFW cost one time $30,000 plus annual salary 2009 23.1.1.6 E-fish around the known spawning areas to look for nursery areas - 2009 23.1.1.7 Review current fishing regulations and develop recommendations for changes - 2009 23.1.1.8 Review current education efforts and develop recommendations for changes – 2009 23.1.1.9 Conduct a study of Pushaw Stream and Mud pond to look for juvenile pike 23.1.1.10 Conduct habitat surveys of the Penobscot mainstem from Milford to Howland to determine the spatial distribution, quantity and quality of habitat patches necessary for upstream pike dispersal. 23.1.1.11 Maintain public education efforts highlighting the permanent repercussions and costs associated with illegal fish stocking events – 2009 23.1.1.12 Task: Design and implement a stratified random survey for nonnatives in the drainage – 2011 23.1.1.13 LIDAR for the Penobscot drainage to get gradient data – 2010 23.1.1.14 If feasible, install barriers between the Pleasant River and the West Branch Penobscot River - 2010 23.1.2 Task: Conduct a risk assessment for northern pike in the rest of the drainage – 2010 23.1.3 Task: Identify the need for risk assessments for other non-native species of concern – 2010 23.2 Strategy: Work with interagency technical committee, lake associations and other NGOs to resolve passage issues. PRFP Page 95
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Operational Plan for the Restoratio
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Table of Contents Introduction ....
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Introduction The overarching goal o
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Section 1 - Alewife, American eel,
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Introduction Five species (shortnos
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3.0 Objective: Rebuild the rainbow
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Table 1. List of lakes above Veazie
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Figure 1. Alewife Phase 1 habitat (
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Table 2. River habitat that histori
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Work Plan Table The budget includes
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3.1.3, 3.2.1, and 3.3.1 Estimate th
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USFWS (Seavey). Analysis may includ
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A boat electrofishing survey (Yoder
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Table 5. Results of natural recolon
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Because adult shad mortality increa
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11.0 Rebuild the striped bass popul
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meta-population. Based on watershed
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Objective 12: Increase wild/natural
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Work Plan Table The budget includes
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14.1.2 14.1.3 14.2.1 14.2.2 14.2.3
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12.1.4 Operate the adult Atlantic s
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12.6.1 Proposal to investigate natu
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the ability to target specific area
Page 47 and 48: occur. Assessment is likely to incl
Page 49 and 50: smolts needs to be documented (Task
Page 51 and 52: Section 2 - Passage and Connectivit
Page 53 and 54: Atlantic salmon. Two dams on the St
Page 55 and 56: On the tributaries, the downstream
Page 57 and 58: can prevent the successful downstre
Page 59 and 60: ensure maximum emigration of target
Page 61 and 62: 18.1.2 Strategy: Develop/conduct as
Page 63 and 64: 21.1.1 Strategy: Develop a Memorand
Page 65 and 66: 17.1.6 17.2.1 17.2.2 17.2.3 17.2.4
Page 67 and 68: 17.6.5 17.6.6 17.6.7 18.1.1 18.1.2
Page 69 and 70: 20.1.6 20.1.7 20.1.8 20.1.9 20.2.1
Page 71 and 72: Over the past 20 years, there have
Page 73 and 74: that address fish passage. Similarl
Page 75 and 76: 17.2.4 Assess Fish Passage Improvem
Page 77 and 78: 17.5.1 Review the FERC License and
Page 79 and 80: 18.1.1 Review Need and Process to I
Page 81 and 82: 19.1.4 Consult and/or Partner with
Page 83 and 84: goals, DMR will need to work with l
Page 85 and 86: 21.1.5 Develop Memorandum of Unders
Page 87 and 88: Section 3 - Habitat PRFP Page 83
Page 89 and 90: Hydrology Riparian and organic inpu
Page 91 and 92: 22.8 Strategy: Undertake an IFIM to
Page 93 and 94: Work Plan Narratives 22.1 Expand US
Page 95 and 96: Recent surveys in coastal Maine riv
Page 97: Section 4 - Non-Native species incl
Page 101 and 102: Investigate and maintain current bl
Page 103 and 104: The dam at Schoodic Lake has a 6’
Page 105 and 106: Work with IFW regional biologists t
Page 107 and 108: Authors: Joan Trial and Melissa Las
Page 109 and 110: Objective 28: Support regional and
Page 111 and 112: Coordinate data collection and shar
Page 113 and 114: Work Plan Narratives 26.1. Convene
Page 115 and 116: 27.5 Hold an interagency technical
Page 117 and 118: River Restoration Trust (PRRT or Tr
Page 119 and 120: Appendices Appendix A - Role of Hat
Page 121 and 122: Population Structure The ‘concept
Page 123 and 124: supplementation have been highly su
Page 125 and 126: 3. Blueback Herring Meristic/Morpho
Page 127 and 128: populations, Waldman et al. (1996)
Page 129 and 130: Summary No specific information is
Page 131 and 132: References Anderson, M.G., Vickery,
Page 133 and 134: Cumberland Basin, New Brunswick. Ph
Page 135 and 136: Table 1. Sub-drainage and reaches i
Page 137 and 138: itself verses mortality that may oc
Page 139 and 140: We estimated cumulative dam mortali
Page 141 and 142: Female Returns 16000 14000 12000 10
Page 143 and 144: that must be passed. Furthermore, h
Page 145 and 146: Appendix C - Penobscot Habitat and
Page 147 and 148: Parr density (no. / 100 m 2 ) 45 40
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Enfield Weldon to West Enfield Matt
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Habitat (units) Parr Production Hab
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Figure 8. Optimal parr production s
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Subwatershed Dam Reach Management R
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lakes fisheries: a general review a
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ecommended adjustments. While other
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Major flexibility constraints of th
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Table 6. Continued. YOY Parr Result
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Appendix E - Atlantic Salmon Fisher
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easonably be accessed; and 4) minim
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Approximately 600,000 smolts are st
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operations. Adult fish reared speci
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Methods We chose to divide the Peno
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• Measure 1b: Sub-drainages with
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Objective 3: Discontinue supplement
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� Strategy- Assess environmental
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Appendix G - Habitat Survey and Ass
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elated to diadromous fishes upstrea
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designs (GRTS), where samples are r
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with panels starting in year 1, 2,
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incorporate further refinements unt
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in statistical analyses stratum Str
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Appendix I - Downstream Passage Stu
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MILFORD (FERC No. 2534) Project Des
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Bangor-Pacific Hydro Associates. 19
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Shepard, S.L. and S.D. Hall. 1991.
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Options under the Multiparty Settle
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As a result of the discussion at th
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By 2000, PPL (new owner of the dams
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arriers to prevent movement of pike
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Kennebec 2008 WhittierPond Vienna N
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are a coldwater species and need ac
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Figure 4. Total species composition
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northern pike (Lucas 2008, Scott an
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Above1 Run 16.3 551 7 FLF, YLP, WHS
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any given water. During warmer peri
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In Maine, lake trout feed primarily
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Piscataquis drainage will likely of
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approximately 14°C”. These tempe
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cover, and aquatic macrophytes are
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and 2) the availability of data in
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Table 5 Northern Pike Waterway Habi
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4. The 40 largest watebodies in the
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5. About 97 percent of the rivers a
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Human-Caused Introductions Backgrou
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Table 7 Maine Lake Northern Pike Di
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Pattern of Introduction and Dispers
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4) The model developed by Solow and
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Inventory of Risk Rating for Waterb
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(Buck's Falls and Cowyard Falls), m
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Prescott Pond Little Wilson Stream
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Summary of Ecological Risk Introduc
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No improvements were made over the
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Level 3 Management actions These ar
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d. Conduct habitat surveys of the P
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Gallagher, M., R. Dill and G. Krame
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Starfield, A. M. and A. L. Bleloch.
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Appendix A: Trapping/Sorting/Counti
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means to “provide safe, timely an
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comprise the majority of fish passi
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exclusion. Information from publish
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A series TSCF system would route al
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(i.e., total exclusion of the targe
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PRFP Page 281
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PRFP Page 283
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Appendix B Outline for Preliminary
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channel would carry almost 1000 cfs
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powerhouse), rock weir/chevron/rest
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PRFP Page 291
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PRFP Page 294
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PRFP Page 296
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populations. Although each member s
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Appendix K - Northern Pike Movement
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MAINE DEPARTMENT OF MARINE RESOURCE
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Table of Contents (Cont’d) LIST O
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2.0 DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY AREA 2
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3.0 METHODS Both streams were surve
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4.0 RESULTS 4.1 East Branch Lake 4.
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elevation) difference from the crib
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Figure 4: Water and Channel Elevati
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A portion of the stream passes to t
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4.1.3 Wangan and Sanborn brooks are
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Photo 6: View Looking Northwesterly
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location that would prevent fish fr
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APPENDIX 1 SURVEY OF NATURAL BARRIE
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Figure A-1: Orientation of Study Si
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Photo A-3: View from within Sanborn
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Response to Comments and Suggested
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Response: Early mortality syndrome
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population can provide 97,500 alewi
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DMR proposes to expand the Waldobor
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Salmon Comment: There are advocates
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Table 4. Species disposition Specie
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Kingsbury Pond X Long Pond X Long P
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Halfmoon Pond X Hammond Pond X X X
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West Garland Pond X West Lake X X X
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spread of any invasive species, and
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Response: There are conditions when
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Comment: Plan often uses the terms
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