Rethinking Schooling for the 21st Century

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No. Region Country 17 Indonesia Education Law/ Legislation Documents Strategic Plans/ Education Policies National Curriculum Framework (NCF)/ Overall Curriculum Subject Curricula/ Subject Curriculum Framework/ Teachers Guide Textbooks Southeast Asia 18 Lao PDR Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 20 Tahun 2003 Tentang Sistem Pendidikan Nasional Law Of The Republic Of Indonesia Number 20 Of 2003 Concerning The National Education System (2003) ກົດໝາຍວ່າດ້ ວຍການສຶກສາ Education Law (2015) Peraturan Menteri Pendidikan Pendidikan Dan Kebudayaan Nomor 70 Tahun 2013 Tentang Kerangka Dasar Dan Struktur Kurikulum Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan/ Madrasah Aliyah Kejuruan Decree of the Minister of Education and Culture No. 70 about Framework and Structure of Indonesian Curriculum (2013) ວິໄສທັດ ຮອດປີ 2030, ຍຸດທະສາດ ຮອດປີ 2025 ແລະ ແຜນພັດທະນາຂະແໜງສຶກສາ ແລະ ກິລາ 5 ປີ ຄັ້ງທີ VIII (2016-2020) Education Sector Development Plan (2016-2020) (2015) Kurikulum 2013 Kompetensi Dasar Sekolah Dasar (SD)/Madrasah Ibtidaiyah (MI) Basic Competency Curriculum Elementary School/ Madrasah Ibtidaiyah (2013) Kurikulum 2013 Kompetensi Dasar Sekolah Menengah Pertama(SMP)/Madrasah Tsanawiyah (MTs) Basic Competency Curriculum Junior High School/ Madrasah Tsanawiyah (2013) ຫຼັກສູດຊັ້ ນປຖົມສຶກສາ Curriculum for Primary Education (2010) ມັດທະຍົມຕົ້ນ Lower Secondary Curriculum (2010) ຄະນິດສາດຄູ່ມືຄູ Mathematics Teachers’ Guide (2009) ໂລກອ້ອມໂຕ World Around Us (Science Grade 4) (2009) ວິທະຍາສາດທຳມະຊາດ Science Teachers’ Guide (Grade 8) (2016) ພູມສາດ Geology Teachers’ Guide (2012) ພາສາລາວ Lao Teachers’ Guide (2009) ພາສາອັງກິດ English Teachers’ Guide (2012) ສຶກສາພົນລະເມືອງ Civil Education (2012) ຄຸນສົມບັດສຶກສາ Moral Education (2009) ພາລະສຶກສາ ແລະ ຫັດຖະກຳ Physical Education and Handicrafts (2009) ພື້ນຖານວິຊາຊີບ Basic Vocations (2012) ສິລະປະກຳ ແລະ ສິລະປະດົນຕີ Arts and Music (2009) ແບບຮຽນ ຄະນິດສາດ Mathematics Grade 4 (2009) ຄຸນສົມບັດ ແລະ ໂລກອ້ອມຕົວ Moral Education and World Around Us Grade 4 (2009) ພູມສາດ Geology Grade 8 (2012) ພາສາລາວ Lao Grade 4 (2009) English Grade 4 (2012) English Grade 8 (2012) ສຶກສາພົນລະເມືອງ Civil Education Grade 8 (2012) ພື້ນຖານວິຊາຊີບ Basic Vocations Grade 8 (2012) 280 Appendices
No. Region Country 19 Malaysia Education Law/ Legislation Documents Laws of Malaysia, Act 550, Education Act 1996 (2006) Strategic Plans/ Education Policies Dasar Pendidikan Kebangsaan National Education Policy (2012) Malaysia Education Blueprint 2013-2025 (2013) National Curriculum Framework (NCF)/ Overall Curriculum Subject Curricula/ Subject Curriculum Framework/ Teachers Guide Kurikulum Standard Sekolah Rendah, Dokumen Standard Kurikulum dan Pentaksiran Matematik Tahun 4 Primary School Curriculum Standard, Mathematics, Grade 4 (2013) Kurikulum Bersepadu Sekolah Menengah, Spesifikasi Kurikulum Matematik Tingkatan Dua Integrated curriculum for Secondary School National School Mathematics, Grade 8 (2011) Kurikulum Standard Sekolah Rendah, Dokumen Standard Kurikulum dan Pentaksiran Sains Tahun 4 Primary School Curriculum Standard, Science, Grade 4 (2013) Kurikulum Bersepadu Sekolah Menegah, Spesifikasi Kurikulum Sains Tingkatan 2 Curriculum Specifications Grade 8 Science (2011) Kurikulum Standard Sekolah Rendah, Dokumen Standard Kurikulum dan Pentaksiran Sejarah Tahun Empat Primary School Curriculum Standard, History, Grade 4 (2014) Huraian Sukatan Pelajaran, Kurikulum Bersepadu Sekolah Menengah Sejarah Tingkatan 2 Integrated curriculum for Secondary School National School History, Grade 8 (2002) Kurikulum Standard Sekolah Rendah, Dokumen standard Kurikulum dan Pentaksiran, Bahasa Melaysia Sekolah Kebangsaan, Tahun Empat Primary School Curriculum Standard, National School Malay Language, Grade 4 (2013) Kurikulum Bersepadu Sekolah Menengah, Huraian Sukatan Pelajaran Tingkatan Dua, Bahasa Melayu Integrated curriculum for Secondary School National School Malay Language, Grade 8 (2011) Kurikulum Standard Sekolah, Dokumen Standard Kurikulum dan Pentaksiran Bahasa Inggeris Tahun Empat Primary School Curriculum Standard, National School English, Grade 4 (2013) Huraian Sukatan Pelajaran, Kurikulum Bersepadu Sekolah Menengah, Bahasa Inggeris, Tingkatan 2 Integrated curriculum for Secondary School National School English Education, Grade 8 (2003) Textbooks Southeast Asia Rethinking Schooling for the 21 st Century: The State of Education for Peace, Sustainable Development and Global Citizenship in Asia 281
Page 1:
ethinking schooling FOR THE 21 ST C
Page 4 and 5:
Published in 2017 by the Mahatma Ga
Page 7 and 8:
Foreword The Sustainable Developmen
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including an overall re-think on th
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of UNESCO Ha Noi; Renato Opertti of
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MECS MEXT MHRD MTB-MLE MTL MoE MoES
Page 15 and 16:
List of Tables, Figures and Boxes T
Page 17 and 18:
Executive Summary INTRODUCTION The
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embedded in SDG 4.7 are integrated
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political issues’, and ‘action
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languages of linguistic minorities.
Page 25 and 26:
Introduction Rethinking Schooling f
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The parameters of the present repor
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which future progress towards the a
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stage also involved preliminary ana
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Making sense of the quantitative re
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children’s ways of thinking with
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do not understand. When teachers ro
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(Chapter 3). In the former region,
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encompassing consciousness of a com
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in many systems of education, the s
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this transnational commitment is fr
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geography helps them to formulate q
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encouraging policymakers, curriculu
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transnational understanding is some
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PART I: Key Regional Findings Rethi
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CHAPTER 1 Methods and Limitations M
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In addition, school timetables for
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as there are not only different con
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Table 1.2 Types of Global Citizensh
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Figure 1.2 The ladder of sustainabl
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of the curriculum. Some NCFs were p
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CHAPTER 2 Key Findings and Insights
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Darker colours show that a sub-cate
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compared to the majority of countri
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Figure 2.4 The prevalence of the co
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social harmony and order over freed
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Trend 6: Human rights and democracy
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Figure 2.7 The prevalence of the co
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One lesson learnt is that we cannot
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PART II: Sub-Regional Syntheses Thi
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translation of such aims into pract
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CHAPTER 3 East Asia PROLOGUE: EDUCA
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In terms of policy discourse, state
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doing. Official curricular guidelin
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the country’ (Mochizuki, 2017, p.
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7-9). The middle school Social Stud
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over student behaviour have also ma
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ole in heightening awareness of env
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— and in some respects becoming m
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prominently (e.g. P. Japanese, p. 1
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Figure 3.3 References to ‘culture
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Jews. Accounts of wartime Japanese
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textbooks, though this policy is al
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Chinese minorities are absent from
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educational programs and research d
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Figure 3.5 References to select cat
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competitive credentialism — see b
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emphasis on similarities (Rose, 201
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Box 3.2 Curricular treatment of sex
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Indeed, the figures for supplementa
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queue. The psychology of parents be
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CONCLUSION Across East Asia (as els
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CHAPTER 4 Southeast Asia PROLOGUE:
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Inequality is also highly gendered
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environmental education comes under
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In Cambodia, given its difficult re
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human rights and attitudes, values
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have generally been partial and hes
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environmental dimension of sustaina
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in Myanmar since 2012, particularly
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American and Soviet influences). Ho
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2015). This has had implications fo
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or lack of capacity for implementin
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common language (see Lee and Suryad
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65 At the same time, counter-claims
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on employment. But while exploring
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24). An unpublished 2009 survey fou
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However, official rhetoric is one t
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and levels of poverty as well as th
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have impeded the implementation of
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egion (see Table 5.1), 73 even as i
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The Pakistani NEP (2009) proclaims
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Treatment of Concepts Embedded in S
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that materials produced locally and
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Source: NCERT. 2008. Social and Pol
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However, the NCERT textbooks have m
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However, the present study shows th
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Box 5.4 References to human rights
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eak away from this approach by high
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Global Citizenship Education Materi
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enders them all the more urgently n
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small children for entry to English
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the growth of private schooling exe
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of meritocracy, and the social stru
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CHAPTER 6 Central Asia and Mongolia
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The pace of the government programs
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(or pseudo-) democratic facade (Rum
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critical thinking and problem solvi
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unaltered since 1997. The Law on Ed
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substantial curricular revision (Si
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Figure 6.3 Introduction of New Stat
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ut documents also generally espouse
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environmental protection and conser
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and Kyrgyzstan, as in Kazakhstan an
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countries, such as those in South A
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and natural wealth of Kyrgyzstan’
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(Hann and Pelkmans, 2009; Omelichev
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who ‘value Mongolian customs and
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Table 6.1. Teaching/learning approa
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Education, Social Justice and Corru
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the former USSR, since the early 19
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Conclusions and Ways Forward Rethin
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this nationalist orientation should
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UNESCO’s current concern for prom
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are often largely devoid of any han
Page 235 and 236:
constructing a sense of shared iden
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focus encourages young people to se
Page 239 and 240:
across Asia from selectively approp
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for economic development. SDG 4.7 s
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sustainable development and global
Page 245 and 246:
other areas of learning that are le
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Appendices Rethinking Schooling for
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to be included in the study was bas
Page 251 and 252:
The primary objective of the capaci
Page 253 and 254: (5) The Development of a Regional R
Page 255 and 256: In retrospect, the approach of the
Page 257 and 258: Figure A.2 Sample coding (excerpts
Page 259 and 260: without distinction). The core subj
Page 261 and 262: APPENDIX II Sub categorywise heatma
Page 263 and 264: 2 Environmental dimension of sustai
Page 265 and 266: 4 Human rights East Asia Southeast
Page 267 and 268: 6 Culture of peace and non-violence
Page 269 and 270: 8 Global systems, structures and pr
Page 271 and 272: 10 Interconnectedness East Asia Sou
Page 273 and 274: 12 Attitudes, values, and dispositi
Page 275 and 276: 13.ii Behaviour and action (Respons
Page 277 and 278: 14 ESD, GCED and other educations E
Page 279 and 280: TOTAL INSTRUCTIONAL HOURS FOR LANGU
Page 281 and 282: Region Country Subject Subject Cate
Page 295 and 296: APPENDIX IV List of coded documents
Page 297 and 298: No. Region Country Education Law/ L
Page 299 and 300: No. Region Country 6 Japan Educatio
Page 301 and 302: No. Region Country 11 India Educati
Page 303: No. Region Country Education Law/ L
Page 307 and 308: No. Region Country 21 Thailand Educ
Page 309 and 310: References Rethinking Schooling for
Page 311 and 312: http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/00
Page 313 and 314: human_rights_education_in_asian_sch
Page 315 and 316: G. LeTendre (eds), Challenges to Ja
Page 317 and 318: of State and Government (ASEM9), Vi
Page 319 and 320: Lambert, D. 2004. Geography. J. Whi
Page 321 and 322: Mongolian Education Alliance (MEA)
Page 323 and 324: Years%20Old%20and%20Over%20by%20Emp
Page 325 and 326: Shankweiler, D. and Fowler, A. E. 2
Page 327 and 328: UNESCO. 2012a. Removing Gender Barr
Page 329 and 330: ing with the Past: Resources and Ob
Page 332: Rethinking schooling for the 21 st
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