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Table 1. Genetic and related effects of riddelliine and its metabolite dehydroxyretronecine
Test system
Result a
Without
exogenous
metabolic
system
With
exogenous
metabolic
system
Dose b
(LED or HID)
Reference
Riddelliine
Salmonella typhimurium TA1535, TA97, TA98, reverse mutation – – 5000 μg/plate Zeiger et al. (1988)
Salmonella typhimurium TA100, reverse mutation – + 1000 μg/plate Zeiger et al. (1988)
DNA-protein cross-links, bovine kidney (MDBK) CCL 22 cells + + 17.5 Hincks et al. (1991)
in vitro
Sister chromatid exchange, Chinese hamster ovary cells in vitro + + 3 Galloway et al. (1987)
Chromosomal aberrations, Chinese hamster ovary cells in vitro – + 300 Galloway et al. (1987)
Cell transformation, BALB/c3T3 mouse cells, in vitro + NT 225 Matthews et al. (1993)
Unscheduled DNA synthesis, male and female Fischer 344 rat + 50 po × 1 Mirsalis (1987)
hepatocytes in vivo
Unscheduled DNA synthesis, male and female Fischer 344 rat
hepatocytes in vivo
– 25 po 30 d c
Mirsalis et al. (1993)
Unscheduled DNA synthesis, male and female B6C3F1 mouse
hepatocytes in vivo
? d
25 po 30 d c
Mirsalis et al. (1993)
Unscheduled DNA synthesis, male and female B6C3F1 mouse
hepatocytes in vivo
+ 25 po × 5 Chan et al. (1994)
Unscheduled DNA synthesis, male and female Fischer 344 rat
hepatocytes in vivo
+ 1 po × 5 Chan et al. (1994)
Micronucleus induction, male and female B6C3F1 mouse bone
marrow, in vivo
– 25 po 5 or
30 d c
Mirsalis et al. (1993)
Micronucleus induction, male B6C3F1 mouse peripheral blood, + 150 po × 1 Chan et al. (1994)
in vivo
Micronucleus induction, male B6C3F1 mouse bone marrow,
in vivo
+ 270 po × 1 Chan et al. (1994)
SOME TRADITIONAL HERBAL MEDICINES 161