IARC MONOGRAPHS ON THE EVALUATION OF CARCINOGENIC ...

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Table 10 (contd) Test system Result a Without exogenous metabolic system With exogenous metabolic system Dose b (LED or HID) Reference Drosophila melanogaster, somatic mutation and recombination + 640 (larval Delgado-Rodriguez feed) et al. (1995) DNA strand breaks, rat hepatocytes in vitro, alkaline elution – NT 38 Sina et al. (1983) Micronucleus formation, newt larvae (Pleurodeles waltl) erythrocytes (+) 0.25 ppm Djomo et al. (1995) Sister chromatid exchange, Chinese hamster ovary cells in vitro + + 27 Galloway et al., 1987; National Toxicology Program (2000) Chromosomal aberrations, Chinese hamster ovary cells in vitro – + 30 Galloway et al., 1987; National Toxicology Program (2000) DNA fragmentation, macrophage J774A.1 cells in vitro, centrifugation + NT 26 Bagchi et al. (1998a) Gene mutation, human MCL-5B-lymphoblastoid cells, TK and HPRT loci, in vitro – NT 40 Sasaki et al. (1997) Sister chromatid exchange, human lymphocytes in vitro – – 13 Tingle et al. (1993); Wilson et al. (1995) Micronucleus formation (CREST – ), human MCL-5B-lymphoblastoid cells in vitro + NT 30 Sasaki et al. (1997) Cell transformation, BALB/c 3T3 cells – NT 150 Rundell et al. (1983) Cell transformation, RLV-infected Fischer rat embryo cells – NT 0.5 Freeman et al. (1973) DNA fragmentation, female Sprague-Dawley rat liver and brain tissue in vivo + 110 po × 30 e Bagchi et al. (1998b) DNA fragmentation, female C57BL/6NTac mouse liver and brain tissue + 220 po × 1 f Bagchi et al. (2000) in vivo DNA fragmentation, female C57BL/6TSG-p53 mouse liver and brain tissue in vivo + 22 po × 1 f Bagchi et al. (2000) NAPHTHALENE 413
Table 10 (contd) Test system Micronucleus formation, male ICR Swiss mouse bone marrow erythrocytes in vivo Result a Without exogenous metabolic system With exogenous metabolic system Dose b (LED or HID) Reference – 500 po × 1 Harper et al. (1984) 1,2-Naphthoquinone Sister chromatid exchange, human lymphocytes in vitro 1,4-Naphthoquinone + NT 1.6 Wilson et al. (1996) Sister chromatid exchange, human lymphocytes in vitro Naphthalene 1,2-oxide + NT 1.6 Wilson et al. (1996) Sister chromatid exchange, human lymphocytes in vitro – NT 15 Wilson et al. (1996) a +, positive; (+), weak positive; –, negative; NT, not tested; NR, not reported b LED, lowest effective dose; HID, highest ineffective dose; in-vitro tests, μg/mL; in-vivo tests, mg/kg bw/day; po, oral; ip, intraperitoneal c Toxicity in the absence of metabolic activation d Toxicity at next higher dose e Rats sacrificed on days 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 105 and 120; increased DNA fragmentation starting day 30 through day 120 f LED for liver, based on an oral LD50 = 2200 mg/kg; LED for brain is 1100 mg/kg bw. 414 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82
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WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION INTERNATI
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IARC MONOGRAPHS In 1969, the Intern
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iv IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 3.2 Th
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vi IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 SOME M
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IARC WORKING GROUP ON THE EVALUATIO
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PARTICIPANTS 5 Observer, representi
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PREAMBLE
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10 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 plasms
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12 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 collec
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14 agents present. For processes, i
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16 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Finall
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18 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 and mi
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20 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 (c) St
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22 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 may le
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24 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 It is
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26 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Data r
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28 when there is strong evidence th
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30 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Vol. 7
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GENERAL REMARKS ON THE SUBSTANCES C
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SOME TRADITIONAL HERBAL MEDICINES
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44 which may include, for example,
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46 2. Use of Traditional Herbal Med
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48 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 decade
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50 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Table
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52 3.2.1 Definition of herbal medic
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54 3.2.8 Individual supply Herbal m
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58 3.3.2 Germany (see Kraft, 1999;
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60 beyond placebo, and this informa
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62 3.3.5 Canada The Canadian Food a
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64 of adverse reactions to OTC drug
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66 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 3.3.12
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68 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Jellin
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70 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Simila
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72 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Figure
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74 diameter of 4-6 cm or more, lobe
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76 1.2 Use 1.2.1 Aristolochia conto
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78 1.3.3 Aristolochia fangchi Compo
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80 1.6.2 Structural and molecular f
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82 chromatographic separation with
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84 may contain aristolochic acids.
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86 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 A bila
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88 received distilled water. The an
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90 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Figure
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92 varied from undetectable (< 0.02
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94 lochic acids enhanced immune res
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96 4.4 Genetic and related effects
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Table 3 (contd) Details of study DN
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Table 4. DNA adduct formation with
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Table 4 (contd) Details of study Co
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Table 5 (contd) Species Treatment I
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Table 6. DNA adduct formation by ar
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Table 6 (contd) Test system Assay D
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Table 6 (contd) Test system Assay D
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Table 7. Polymerase action on arist
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Table 8 (contd) Test system Drosoph
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116 of the forestomach and lung of
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118 lochic acid II (three metabolit
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120 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Che,
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122 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Healt
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124 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Nishi
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126 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Schme
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128 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Yang,
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130 Figure 1. Morinda officinalis H
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132 1.3.2 Morinda officinalis A num
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134 by Soxhlet extraction with ethy
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136 2.1 Case-control studies 2.1.1
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138 3. Studies of Cancer in Experim
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140 1,3-Dihydroxy-2-hydroxymethylan
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142 4.3 Reproductive and developmen
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Table 1 (contd) Test system Result
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146 5.1 Exposure data 5. Summary of
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148 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Brigg
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150 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Nusko
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D. SENECIO SPECIES AND RIDDELLIINE
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metry (Witte et al., 1992). Thin-la
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sex were killed after a seven-week
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4.2.2 Experimental systems SOME TRA
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Table 1. Genetic and related effect
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Riddelliine induced unscheduled DNA
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5.3 Animal carcinogenicity data In
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SOME TRADITIONAL HERBAL MEDICINES 1
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SOME MYCOTOXINS
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172 Aflatoxin G 1 IARC MONOGRAPHS V
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Table 2 (contd) Method no. Aflatoxi
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178 indicates that A. flavus and A.
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Table 4. Occurrence of aflatoxin B1
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182 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 aflat
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Table 6. Co-occurrence of aflatoxin
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186 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Figur
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188 1.4 International exposure esti
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190 (c) Impact of establishing maxi
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192 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 used
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Table 10 (contd) Reference Area Uni
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198 were collapsed into a conventio
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Table 11 (contd) Reference Area Stu
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202 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 histo
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204 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 resid
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Table 12. Summary of principal case
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208 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 disea
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210 3. Studies of Cancer in Experim
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212 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 diet
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214 3.4 Administration with known c
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216 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 The 8
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218 observed in rat liver slices, a
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222 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 an α
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224 (mainly hepatocellular carcinom
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226 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 but i
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228 lordosis and reduction in conce
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232 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 sampl
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234 In eight subjects (four from Ho
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240 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 anima
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242 difference between the two stud
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244 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 HBV-t
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246 In a large cohort study in Shan
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248 experimental data in showing th
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250 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Ander
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252 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Buetl
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254 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Denis
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256 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Galla
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258 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Heino
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260 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Jalon
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262 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Kirk,
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264 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Lunn,
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266 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Olubu
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268 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Roll,
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270 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Stett
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272 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Verge
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274 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Yang,
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Table 1. IARC evaluations Previous
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278 kernels and in less than 0.1% o
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280 2.5.3 Cottonseed A. flavus is a
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294 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 8. Re
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296 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Guo,
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298 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Marti
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300 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Sharm
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302 (d ) Solubility: Soluble in wat
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304 1.4 Occurrence Fumonisins have
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306 Table 1 (contd) IARC MONOGRAPHS
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308 (c) Formation in commodities ot
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312 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 3.1 O
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314 3.2.2 Rat IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUM
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316 with NDEA and fumonisin B 1, wh
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318 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 In pi
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Figure 2. Allometric relationship b
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322 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 obser
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324 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Hepat
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326 4.2.3 Related studies IARC MONO
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328 4.3.2 Experimental systems IARC
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330 and litters on postnatal day 21
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Table 4. Genetic and related effect
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334 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 The f
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336 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 (d )
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338 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 treat
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340 4.5.2 Interference with fatty a
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344 5.2 Human carcinogenicity data
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346 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Alber
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348 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Chamb
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350 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Floss
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352 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Hiroo
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354 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Lee,
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356 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Mobio
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358 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Prelu
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360 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Savar
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Page 373 and 374: 366 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Yu, C
Page 375 and 376: 368 disulfide, carbon tetrachloride
Page 377 and 378: Table 1 (contd) Sample matrix Sampl
Page 379 and 380: Table 3. Naphthalene production (th
Page 381 and 382: 374 1.4 Occurrence 1.4.1 Natural oc
Page 383 and 384: Table 5. Occupational exposure to n
Page 385 and 386: 378 water assuming a water concentr
Page 387 and 388: 380 (Scheepers & Bos, 1992). The av
Page 389 and 390: 382 (d ) Biodegradation Studies on
Page 391 and 392: 384 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Table
Page 393 and 394: 386 3.2 Inhalation exposure 3.2.1 M
Page 395 and 396: 388 3.3.2 Rat Ten BD I and BD III r
Page 397 and 398: Figure 1. Main metabolic pathways o
Page 399 and 400: 392 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 and t
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Page 403 and 404: 396 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 1-240
Page 405 and 406: 398 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Perfu
Page 407 and 408: 400 Siegel and Wason (1986) reviewe
Page 409 and 410: 402 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 liver
Page 411 and 412: 404 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 to id
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Page 419: Table 10. Genetic and related effec
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Page 431 and 432: 424 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Envir
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Page 435 and 436: 428 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Lynch
Page 437 and 438: 430 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 O’B
Page 439 and 440: 432 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Schee
Page 441 and 442: 434 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Versc
Page 444 and 445: STYRENE This substance was consider
Page 446 and 447: EPA Method 8260B can be used to det
Page 448 and 449: Styrene is produced mainly by catal
Page 450 and 451: STYRENE 443 Table 3. Use patterns f
Page 452 and 453: STYRENE 445 most samples taken from
Page 454 and 455: STYRENE 447 successive layers of ch
Page 456 and 457: Table 4 (contd) Country and year of
Page 458 and 459: Table 5. Biological monitoring of o
Page 460 and 461: STYRENE 453 Since 1990, the long-te
Page 462 and 463: same products resulted in exposures
Page 464 and 465: STYRENE 457 Ambient air monitoring
Page 466 and 467: 200 μg/kg, although 77% of the foo
Page 468 and 469: Table 8 (contd) Country or region Y
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2.1 Case reports 2. Studies of Canc
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Table 10 (contd) Reference (country
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Table 10 (contd) Reference (country
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STYRENE 469 (95% CI, 1.4-5.2; 10 de
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who had been employed in 1964-70 (t
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elationship for styrene became nega
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atio, 4.4; 95% CI, 1.1-17 in multip
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controls versus 32/32 treated). No
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3.4 Intraperitoneal administration
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Figure 1. Main metabolic pathways f
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STYRENE 483 a maximum and averaged
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(b) Distribution STYRENE 485 An ear
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STYRENE 487 rats with phenobarbital
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STYRENE 489 gavage (100-350 mg/kg b
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CYP2E1 and CYP2F2) inhibited nasal
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model indicated that absorbed styre
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female workers in the glass fibre-r
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STYRENE 497 continuously for seven
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STYRENE 499 exposure concentrations
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STYRENE 501 The frequency of sponta
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STYRENE 503 groups. Only minor gene
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concentrations of styrene in air we
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Table 12. Cytogenetic studies in ly
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Table 13. Genetic and related effec
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(b) Experimental systems (see Table
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STYRENE 515 styrene 7,8-oxide. Joha
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Styrene 7,8-oxide can bind to DNA w
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STYRENE 519 a small and non-signifi
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STYRENE 521 and immune systems, liv
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STYRENE 523 Artuso, M., Angotzi, G.
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STYRENE 525 Brugnone, F., Perbellin
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STYRENE 527 Coccini, T., Maestri, L
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STYRENE 529 Edling, C., Anundi, H.,
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STYRENE 531 Gobba, F., Galassi, C.,
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STYRENE 533 Horvath, E., Pongracz,
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STYRENE 535 logical Study and the I
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STYRENE 537 Linhart, I., Gut, I.,
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STYRENE 539 Miller, S.L., Branoff,
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STYRENE 541 Newhook, R. & Caldwell,
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STYRENE 543 Pryor, G.T., Rebert, C.
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STYRENE 545 Sielken, R.L. & Valdez-
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STYRENE 547 Tsuda, S., Matsusaka, N
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STYRENE 549 Boffetta, P. (1996b) Ex
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Agent SUMMARY OF FINAL EVALUATIONS
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554 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 DGAL:
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556 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 PMTDI
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558 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Aldri
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560 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Benz[
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562 β-Butyrolactone 11, 225 (1976)
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564 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Chlor
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566 Cyproterone acetate 72, 49 (199
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568 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Diepo
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570 Ethionamide 13, 83 (1977); Supp
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572 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Haema
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574 L Lasiocarpine 10, 281 (1976);
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576 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Methy
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578 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Nicke
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580 O Ochratoxin A 10, 191 (1976);
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582 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Polyb
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584 Rhodamine 6G 16, 233 (1978); Su
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586 Sulfafurazole 24, 275 (1980); S
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588 1,1,1-Trichloroethane 20, 515 (
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590 Y Yellow AB 8, 279 (1975); Supp
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Volume 31 Some Food Additives, Feed
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