IARC MONOGRAPHS ON THE EVALUATION OF CARCINOGENIC ...

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IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82
Table 2. Maximum levels of fumonisins in human foods and in
animal feeds in the USA a
Product Total fumonisins
(B 1 + B 2 + B 3)
ppm (mg/kg)
Human foods
Degermed dry milled corn products (e.g., flaking grits, corn
grits, corn meal, corn flour with fat content of < 2.25%, dry
weight basis)
Whole or partially degermed dry milled corn products (e.g.,
flaking grits, corn grits, corn meal, corn flour with fat content of
≥ 2.25%, dry weight basis)
Dry milled corn bran 4
Cleaned corn intended for masa production 4
Cleaned corn intended for popcorn 3
Animal feeds
Corn and corn by-products intended for:
Equids and rabbits 5 b
Swine and catfish 20 c
Breeding ruminants, breeding poultry and breeding mink d
Ruminants ≥ 3 months old being raised for slaughter and mink
being raised for pelt production
Poultry being raised for slaughter 100 c
All other species or classes of livestock and pet animals 10 c
a From Food and Drug Administration (2001a)
b No more than 20% of diet on a dry weight basis
c No more than 50% of diet on a dry weight basis
d Includes lactating dairy cattle and hens laying eggs for human consumption
risk comparison area). Homegrown samples of corn intended for human consumption
were collected in 1989, 1995 and 1997 (Yoshizawa et al., 1994; Yoshizawa & Gao,
1999). Fumonisins B 1, B 2 and B 3 were analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography
(HPLC). Mean concentrations of fumonisin B 1 in the high- and low-risk areas,
respectively, were 872 and 890 ng/g in 1989, 2730 and 2702 ng/g in 1995, and 2028 and
2082 ng/g in 1997. Maximum concentrations were 2960, 21 000 and 8290 ng/g in the
high-risk area and 1730, 8470 and 5330 ng/g in the low-risk area, respectively, in the
three years studied. There was no significant difference in any of the measured fumonisin
levels between the two areas (p > 0.05). The percentages of samples with detectable
2
4
30 c
60 c