IARC MONOGRAPHS ON THE EVALUATION OF CARCINOGENIC ...

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NAPHTHALENE 423 Environmental Protection Agency (1990b) Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 Conference Report to Accompany S.1630 (Report No. 101-952),Washington DC, Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics Environmental Protection Agency (1995a) Method 524.2. Measurement of purgeable organic compounds in water by capillary column gas chromatography/mass spectrometry [Rev. 4.1]. In: Methods for the Determination of Organic Compounds in Drinking Water, Supplement III (EPA Report No. EPA-600/R-95/131; US NTIS PB-216616), Cincinnati, OH, Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory Environmental Protection Agency (1995b) Method 502.2. Volatile organic compounds in water by purge and trap capillary column gas chromatography with photoionization and electrolytic detectors in series [Rev. 2.1]. In: Methods for the Determination of Organic Compounds in Drinking Water, Supplement III (EPA Report No. EPA-600/R-95/131; US NTIS PB95- 261616), Cincinnati, OH, Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory Environmental Protection Agency (1996a) Method 8100. Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons. In: Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste — Physical/Chemical Methods (US EPA No. SW- 846), Washington DC, Office of Solid Waste Environmental Protection Agency (1996b) Method 8310. Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons. In: Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste — Physical/Chemical Methods (US EPA No. SW- 846), Washington DC, Office of Solid Waste Environmental Protection Agency (1996c) Method 8021B. Aromatic and halogenated volatiles by gas chromatography using photoionization and/or electrolytic conductivity detectors [Rev. 2]. In: Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste — Physical/Chemical Methods (US EPA No. SW-846), Washington DC, Office of Solid Waste Environmental Protection Agency (1996d) Method 8260B. Volatile organic compounds by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) [Rev. 2]. In: Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste — Physical/Chemical Methods (US EPA No. SW-846), Washington DC, Office of Solid Waste Environmental Protection Agency (1996e) Method 8270C. Semivolatile organic compounds by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) [Rev. 3]. In: Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste — Physical/Chemical Methods (US EPA No. SW-846), Washington DC, Office of Solid Waste Environmental Protection Agency (1996f) Method 8275A. Semivolatile organic compounds (PAHs and PCBs) in soils/sludges and solid wastes using thermal extraction/gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (TE/GC/MS) [Rev. 1]. In: Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste — Physical/Chemical Methods (US EPA No. SW-846), Washington DC, Office of Solid Waste Environmental Protection Agency (1996g) Method 8410. Gas chromatography/Fourier transform infrared (GC/FT-IR) spectrometry for semivolatile organics: Capillary column. In: Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste — Physical/Chemical Methods (US EPA No. SW-846), Washington DC, Office of Solid Waste Environmental Protection Agency (1999a) Methods for organic chemical analysis of municipal and industrial wastewater. Method 610 — Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons. US Code Fed. Regul., Title 40, Part 136, App. A, pp. 145–157
424 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Environmental Protection Agency (1999b) Methods for organic chemical analysis of municipal and industrial wastewater. Method 625 — Base/neutrals and acids. US Code Fed. Regul., Title 40, Part 136, App. A, pp. 202–228 Environmental Protection Agency (1999c) Methods for organic chemical analysis of municipal and industrial wastewater. Method 1625B — Semivolatile organic compounds by isotope dilution GC/MS. US Code Fed. Regul., Title 40, Part 136, App. A, pp. 286–306 Environmental Protection Agency (2000) Ranking Air Toxics Indoors, Washington DC, Indoor Environments Division Environmental Protection Agency (2001) TRI [Toxics Release Inventory] Explorer (TRI Explorer Report (USCH), Washington DC Familusi, J.B. & Dawodu, A.H. (1985) A survey of neonatal jaundice in association with household drugs and chemicals in Nigeria. Ann. trop. Paediatr., 5, 219–222 Fannick, N.L. (1978) The New York Times Co., Inc., Carlstadt, New Jersey, September, 1978 (Health Hazard Evaluation Determination, Report No. HHE-78-23-530), Cincinnati, OH, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Fanucchi, M.V., Buckpitt, A.R., Murphy, M.E. & Plopper, C.G. (1997) Naphthalene cytoxicity of differentiating Clara cells in neonatal mice. Toxicol. appl. Pharmacol., 144, 96–104 Fellin, P. & Otson, R. (1994) Assessment of the influence of climatic factors on concentration levels of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in Canadian homes. Atmos. Environ., 28, 3581–3586 Florin, I., Rutberg, L., Curvall, M. & Enzell, C.R. (1980) Screening of tobacco smoke constituents for mutagenicity using the Ames’ test. Toxicology, 18, 219–232 Freeman, A.E., Weisburger, E.K., Weisburger, J.H., Wolford, R.G., Maryak, J.M. & Huebner, R.J. (1973) Transformation of cell cultures as an indication of the carcinogenic potential of chemicals. J. natl Cancer Inst., 51, 799–808 Galloway, S.M., Armstrong, M.J., Reuben, C., Colman, S., Brown, B., Cannon, C., Bloom, A.D., Nakamura, F., Ahmed, M., Duk, S., Rimpo, J., Margolin, B.H., Resnick, M.A., Anderson, B. & Zeiger, E. (1987) Chromosome aberrations and sister chromatid exchanges in Chinese hamster ovary cells: Evaluations of 108 chemicals. Environ. mol. Mutagen., 10 (Suppl. 10), 1–175 Gandy, J. Millner, G.C., Bates, H.K., Casciano, D.A. & Harbison, R.D. (1990) Effects of selected chemicals on the glutathione status in the male reproductive system of rats. J. Toxicol. environ. Health, 29, 45–57 Gatehouse, D. (1980) Mutagenicity of 1,2 ring-fused acenaphthenes against S. typhimurium TA1537 and TA1538: Structure-activity relationships. Mutat. Res., 78, 121–135 Germansky, M. & Jamall, I.S. (1988) Organ-specific effects of naphthalene on tissue peroxidation, glutathione peroxidases and superoxide dismutase in the rat. Arch. Toxicol., 61, 480–483 Ghetti, G. & Mariani, L. (1956) Eye changes due to naphthalene. Med. Lav., 47, 533–538 Gold, K.W., Naugle, D.F. & Perry, M.A. (1991) Indoor Air-assessment: Indoor Air Concentrations of Environmental Carcinogens (EPA 600/8-90/042), Research Triangle Park, NC, Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Office of Research and Development Gold, K.W., Naugle, D.F. & Berry, M.A. (1993) Indoor concentrations of environmental carcinogens. In: Seifert, B., Van De Wiel, H.J., Dodet, B. & O’Neil, I.K., eds, Environmental
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WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION INTERNATI
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IARC MONOGRAPHS In 1969, the Intern
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iv IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 3.2 Th
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vi IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 SOME M
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IARC WORKING GROUP ON THE EVALUATIO
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PARTICIPANTS 5 Observer, representi
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PREAMBLE
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10 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 plasms
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12 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 collec
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14 agents present. For processes, i
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16 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Finall
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18 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 and mi
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20 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 (c) St
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22 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 may le
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24 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 It is
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26 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Data r
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28 when there is strong evidence th
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30 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Vol. 7
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GENERAL REMARKS ON THE SUBSTANCES C
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SOME TRADITIONAL HERBAL MEDICINES
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44 which may include, for example,
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46 2. Use of Traditional Herbal Med
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48 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 decade
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50 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Table
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52 3.2.1 Definition of herbal medic
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54 3.2.8 Individual supply Herbal m
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58 3.3.2 Germany (see Kraft, 1999;
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60 beyond placebo, and this informa
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62 3.3.5 Canada The Canadian Food a
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64 of adverse reactions to OTC drug
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66 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 3.3.12
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68 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Jellin
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70 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Simila
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72 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Figure
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74 diameter of 4-6 cm or more, lobe
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76 1.2 Use 1.2.1 Aristolochia conto
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78 1.3.3 Aristolochia fangchi Compo
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80 1.6.2 Structural and molecular f
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82 chromatographic separation with
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84 may contain aristolochic acids.
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86 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 A bila
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88 received distilled water. The an
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90 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Figure
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92 varied from undetectable (< 0.02
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94 lochic acids enhanced immune res
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96 4.4 Genetic and related effects
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Table 3 (contd) Details of study DN
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Table 4. DNA adduct formation with
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Table 4 (contd) Details of study Co
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Table 5 (contd) Species Treatment I
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Table 6. DNA adduct formation by ar
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Table 6 (contd) Test system Assay D
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Table 6 (contd) Test system Assay D
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Table 7. Polymerase action on arist
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Table 8 (contd) Test system Drosoph
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116 of the forestomach and lung of
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118 lochic acid II (three metabolit
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120 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Che,
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122 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Healt
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124 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Nishi
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126 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Schme
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128 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Yang,
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130 Figure 1. Morinda officinalis H
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132 1.3.2 Morinda officinalis A num
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134 by Soxhlet extraction with ethy
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136 2.1 Case-control studies 2.1.1
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138 3. Studies of Cancer in Experim
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140 1,3-Dihydroxy-2-hydroxymethylan
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142 4.3 Reproductive and developmen
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Table 1 (contd) Test system Result
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146 5.1 Exposure data 5. Summary of
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148 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Brigg
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150 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Nusko
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D. SENECIO SPECIES AND RIDDELLIINE
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metry (Witte et al., 1992). Thin-la
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sex were killed after a seven-week
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4.2.2 Experimental systems SOME TRA
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Table 1. Genetic and related effect
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Riddelliine induced unscheduled DNA
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5.3 Animal carcinogenicity data In
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SOME TRADITIONAL HERBAL MEDICINES 1
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SOME MYCOTOXINS
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172 Aflatoxin G 1 IARC MONOGRAPHS V
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Table 2 (contd) Method no. Aflatoxi
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178 indicates that A. flavus and A.
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Table 4. Occurrence of aflatoxin B1
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182 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 aflat
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Table 6. Co-occurrence of aflatoxin
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186 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Figur
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188 1.4 International exposure esti
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190 (c) Impact of establishing maxi
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192 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 used
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Table 10 (contd) Reference Area Uni
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198 were collapsed into a conventio
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Table 11 (contd) Reference Area Stu
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202 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 histo
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204 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 resid
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Table 12. Summary of principal case
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208 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 disea
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210 3. Studies of Cancer in Experim
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212 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 diet
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214 3.4 Administration with known c
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216 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 The 8
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218 observed in rat liver slices, a
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222 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 an α
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224 (mainly hepatocellular carcinom
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226 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 but i
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228 lordosis and reduction in conce
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232 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 sampl
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234 In eight subjects (four from Ho
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240 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 anima
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242 difference between the two stud
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244 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 HBV-t
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246 In a large cohort study in Shan
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248 experimental data in showing th
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250 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Ander
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252 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Buetl
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254 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Denis
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256 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Galla
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258 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Heino
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260 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Jalon
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262 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Kirk,
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264 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Lunn,
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266 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Olubu
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268 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Roll,
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270 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Stett
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272 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Verge
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274 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Yang,
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Table 1. IARC evaluations Previous
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278 kernels and in less than 0.1% o
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280 2.5.3 Cottonseed A. flavus is a
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294 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 8. Re
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296 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Guo,
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298 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Marti
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300 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Sharm
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302 (d ) Solubility: Soluble in wat
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304 1.4 Occurrence Fumonisins have
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306 Table 1 (contd) IARC MONOGRAPHS
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308 (c) Formation in commodities ot
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312 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 3.1 O
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314 3.2.2 Rat IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUM
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316 with NDEA and fumonisin B 1, wh
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318 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 In pi
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Figure 2. Allometric relationship b
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322 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 obser
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324 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Hepat
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326 4.2.3 Related studies IARC MONO
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328 4.3.2 Experimental systems IARC
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330 and litters on postnatal day 21
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Table 4. Genetic and related effect
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334 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 The f
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336 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 (d )
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338 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 treat
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340 4.5.2 Interference with fatty a
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344 5.2 Human carcinogenicity data
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346 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Alber
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348 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Chamb
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350 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Floss
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352 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Hiroo
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354 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Lee,
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356 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Mobio
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358 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Prelu
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360 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Savar
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362 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Steve
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364 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Flett
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366 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Yu, C
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368 disulfide, carbon tetrachloride
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Table 1 (contd) Sample matrix Sampl
Page 379 and 380: Table 3. Naphthalene production (th
Page 381 and 382: 374 1.4 Occurrence 1.4.1 Natural oc
Page 383 and 384: Table 5. Occupational exposure to n
Page 385 and 386: 378 water assuming a water concentr
Page 387 and 388: 380 (Scheepers & Bos, 1992). The av
Page 389 and 390: 382 (d ) Biodegradation Studies on
Page 391 and 392: 384 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Table
Page 393 and 394: 386 3.2 Inhalation exposure 3.2.1 M
Page 395 and 396: 388 3.3.2 Rat Ten BD I and BD III r
Page 397 and 398: Figure 1. Main metabolic pathways o
Page 399 and 400: 392 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 and t
Page 401 and 402: 394 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 and 1
Page 403 and 404: 396 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 1-240
Page 405 and 406: 398 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Perfu
Page 407 and 408: 400 Siegel and Wason (1986) reviewe
Page 409 and 410: 402 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 liver
Page 411 and 412: 404 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 to id
Page 413 and 414: 406 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Alkal
Page 415 and 416: 408 hyperplasia, atrophy, chronic i
Page 417 and 418: 410 had deficient glucose-6-phospha
Page 419 and 420: Table 10. Genetic and related effec
Page 421 and 422: Table 10 (contd) Test system Micron
Page 423 and 424: 416 assay with or without metabolic
Page 425 and 426: 418 There is some evidence of devel
Page 427 and 428: 420 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Bjør
Page 429: 422 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Conkl
Page 433 and 434: 426 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Ho, C
Page 435 and 436: 428 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Lynch
Page 437 and 438: 430 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 O’B
Page 439 and 440: 432 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Schee
Page 441 and 442: 434 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Versc
Page 444 and 445: STYRENE This substance was consider
Page 446 and 447: EPA Method 8260B can be used to det
Page 448 and 449: Styrene is produced mainly by catal
Page 450 and 451: STYRENE 443 Table 3. Use patterns f
Page 452 and 453: STYRENE 445 most samples taken from
Page 454 and 455: STYRENE 447 successive layers of ch
Page 456 and 457: Table 4 (contd) Country and year of
Page 458 and 459: Table 5. Biological monitoring of o
Page 460 and 461: STYRENE 453 Since 1990, the long-te
Page 462 and 463: same products resulted in exposures
Page 464 and 465: STYRENE 457 Ambient air monitoring
Page 466 and 467: 200 μg/kg, although 77% of the foo
Page 468 and 469: Table 8 (contd) Country or region Y
Page 470 and 471: 2.1 Case reports 2. Studies of Canc
Page 472 and 473: Table 10 (contd) Reference (country
Page 474 and 475: Table 10 (contd) Reference (country
Page 476 and 477: STYRENE 469 (95% CI, 1.4-5.2; 10 de
Page 478 and 479: who had been employed in 1964-70 (t
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elationship for styrene became nega
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atio, 4.4; 95% CI, 1.1-17 in multip
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controls versus 32/32 treated). No
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3.4 Intraperitoneal administration
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Figure 1. Main metabolic pathways f
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STYRENE 483 a maximum and averaged
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(b) Distribution STYRENE 485 An ear
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STYRENE 487 rats with phenobarbital
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STYRENE 489 gavage (100-350 mg/kg b
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CYP2E1 and CYP2F2) inhibited nasal
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model indicated that absorbed styre
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female workers in the glass fibre-r
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STYRENE 497 continuously for seven
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STYRENE 499 exposure concentrations
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STYRENE 501 The frequency of sponta
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STYRENE 503 groups. Only minor gene
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concentrations of styrene in air we
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Table 12. Cytogenetic studies in ly
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Table 13. Genetic and related effec
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(b) Experimental systems (see Table
Page 520 and 521:
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STYRENE 515 styrene 7,8-oxide. Joha
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Styrene 7,8-oxide can bind to DNA w
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STYRENE 519 a small and non-signifi
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STYRENE 521 and immune systems, liv
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STYRENE 523 Artuso, M., Angotzi, G.
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STYRENE 525 Brugnone, F., Perbellin
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STYRENE 527 Coccini, T., Maestri, L
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STYRENE 529 Edling, C., Anundi, H.,
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STYRENE 531 Gobba, F., Galassi, C.,
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STYRENE 533 Horvath, E., Pongracz,
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STYRENE 535 logical Study and the I
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STYRENE 537 Linhart, I., Gut, I.,
Page 546 and 547:
STYRENE 539 Miller, S.L., Branoff,
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STYRENE 541 Newhook, R. & Caldwell,
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STYRENE 543 Pryor, G.T., Rebert, C.
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STYRENE 545 Sielken, R.L. & Valdez-
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STYRENE 547 Tsuda, S., Matsusaka, N
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STYRENE 549 Boffetta, P. (1996b) Ex
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Agent SUMMARY OF FINAL EVALUATIONS
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554 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 DGAL:
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556 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 PMTDI
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558 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Aldri
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560 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Benz[
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562 β-Butyrolactone 11, 225 (1976)
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564 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Chlor
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566 Cyproterone acetate 72, 49 (199
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568 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Diepo
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570 Ethionamide 13, 83 (1977); Supp
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572 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Haema
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574 L Lasiocarpine 10, 281 (1976);
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576 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Methy
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578 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Nicke
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580 O Ochratoxin A 10, 191 (1976);
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582 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Polyb
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584 Rhodamine 6G 16, 233 (1978); Su
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586 Sulfafurazole 24, 275 (1980); S
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588 1,1,1-Trichloroethane 20, 515 (
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590 Y Yellow AB 8, 279 (1975); Supp
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Volume 31 Some Food Additives, Feed
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