IARC MONOGRAPHS ON THE EVALUATION OF CARCINOGENIC ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THIS VOLUME AA-I: aristolochic acid I AA-II: aristolochic acid II ABS: acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene ACGIH: American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists AESGP: Association of the European Self-Medication Industry AFAR: aflatoxin aldehyde reductase AFB: B aflatoxins AFB 1: aflatoxin B 1 AFG: G aflatoxins AFM 1: aflatoxin M 1 AFP 1: aflatoxin P 1 AIN: American Institute of Nutrition anti-HBc: antibody to hepatitis B core antigen anti-HBs: antibody to HBsAg AOAC: Association of Official Analytical Chemists AP/AT: atmospheric pressure/ambient temperature APCI: atmospheric pressure chemical ionization AR: aldehyde reductase AUC: area under the curve a w: water activity BASE: Building Assessment Survey and Evaluation CAM: complementary and alternative medicine CBI: covalent binding index CDSL: Commission on Dietary Supplement Labels CHN: Chinese herb nephropathy CI: confidence interval CNS: central nervous system CPA: cyclopiazonic acid CZE: capillary zone electrophoresis dA: deoxyadenosine dAMP: deoxyadenosine 5′-monophosphate dTMP: deoxythymidine 5′-monophosphate dCMP: deoxycytidine 5′-monophosphate dG: deoxyguanosine –553–
554 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 DGAL: Direction Générale de l’Alimentation DGCCRF: Direction Générale de la Concurrence, de la Consommation et de la Répression des Fraudes DMDTC: dimethyldithiocarbamate DMSO: dimethyl sulfoxide DSHEA: Dietary Supplements Health and Education Act EC: European Commission ELEM: equine leukoencephalomalacia ELISA: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay EMEA: European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products EN: European norm EQL: estimated quantitation limit ESCOP: European Scientific Cooperative on Phytotherapy ETS: environmental tobacco smoke EU: European Union FAO: Food and Agriculture Organization FB 1: fumonisin B 1 FD: fluorescence detection FDA: Food and Drug Administration FID: flame ionization detection FT–IR: Fourier transform infrared detection GAP: good agriculture practice GC: gas chromatography GEMS: Global Environment Monitoring System GF: growth factor GPA: glycophorin A Gpt: guanine phosphoribosyl transferase GRAS: generally recognized as safe GSH: (reduced) glutathione GST: glutathione S-transferase GSTP: placental glutathione S-transferase HACCP: hazard analysis: critical control point HBsAg: hepatitis B (virus) surface antigen HBV: hepatitis B virus HCC: hepatocellular carcinoma HCV: hepatitis C virus HFB 1: hydrolysed fumonisin B 1 HFB 2: hydrolysed fumonisin B 2 HGF: hepatocyte growth factor HP/HT: high pressure/high temperature HPB: Health Protection Branch HPLC: high-performance liquid chromatography
Page 1 and 2:
WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION INTERNATI
Page 3 and 4:
IARC MONOGRAPHS In 1969, the Intern
Page 5 and 6:
iv IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 3.2 Th
Page 7 and 8:
vi IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 SOME M
Page 10 and 11:
IARC WORKING GROUP ON THE EVALUATIO
Page 12 and 13:
PARTICIPANTS 5 Observer, representi
Page 14:
PREAMBLE
Page 17 and 18:
10 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 plasms
Page 19 and 20:
12 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 collec
Page 21 and 22:
14 agents present. For processes, i
Page 23 and 24:
16 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Finall
Page 25 and 26:
18 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 and mi
Page 27 and 28:
20 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 (c) St
Page 29 and 30:
22 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 may le
Page 31 and 32:
24 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 It is
Page 33 and 34:
26 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Data r
Page 35 and 36:
28 when there is strong evidence th
Page 37 and 38:
30 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Vol. 7
Page 40 and 41:
GENERAL REMARKS ON THE SUBSTANCES C
Page 42 and 43:
Page 44:
Page 48:
SOME TRADITIONAL HERBAL MEDICINES
Page 51 and 52:
44 which may include, for example,
Page 53 and 54:
46 2. Use of Traditional Herbal Med
Page 55 and 56:
48 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 decade
Page 57 and 58:
50 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Table
Page 59 and 60:
52 3.2.1 Definition of herbal medic
Page 61 and 62:
54 3.2.8 Individual supply Herbal m
Page 63 and 64:
Page 65 and 66:
58 3.3.2 Germany (see Kraft, 1999;
Page 67 and 68:
60 beyond placebo, and this informa
Page 69 and 70:
62 3.3.5 Canada The Canadian Food a
Page 71 and 72:
64 of adverse reactions to OTC drug
Page 73 and 74:
66 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 3.3.12
Page 75 and 76:
68 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Jellin
Page 77 and 78:
70 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Simila
Page 79 and 80:
72 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Figure
Page 81 and 82:
74 diameter of 4-6 cm or more, lobe
Page 83 and 84:
76 1.2 Use 1.2.1 Aristolochia conto
Page 85 and 86:
78 1.3.3 Aristolochia fangchi Compo
Page 87 and 88:
80 1.6.2 Structural and molecular f
Page 89 and 90:
82 chromatographic separation with
Page 91 and 92:
84 may contain aristolochic acids.
Page 93 and 94:
86 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 A bila
Page 95 and 96:
88 received distilled water. The an
Page 97 and 98:
90 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Figure
Page 99 and 100:
92 varied from undetectable (< 0.02
Page 101 and 102:
94 lochic acids enhanced immune res
Page 103 and 104:
96 4.4 Genetic and related effects
Page 105 and 106:
Table 3 (contd) Details of study DN
Page 107 and 108:
Table 4. DNA adduct formation with
Page 109 and 110:
Table 4 (contd) Details of study Co
Page 111 and 112:
Table 5 (contd) Species Treatment I
Page 113 and 114:
Table 6. DNA adduct formation by ar
Page 115 and 116:
Table 6 (contd) Test system Assay D
Page 117 and 118:
Table 6 (contd) Test system Assay D
Page 119 and 120:
Table 7. Polymerase action on arist
Page 121 and 122:
Table 8 (contd) Test system Drosoph
Page 123 and 124:
116 of the forestomach and lung of
Page 125 and 126:
118 lochic acid II (three metabolit
Page 127 and 128:
120 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Che,
Page 129 and 130:
122 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Healt
Page 131 and 132:
124 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Nishi
Page 133 and 134:
126 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Schme
Page 135 and 136:
128 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Yang,
Page 137 and 138:
130 Figure 1. Morinda officinalis H
Page 139 and 140:
132 1.3.2 Morinda officinalis A num
Page 141 and 142:
134 by Soxhlet extraction with ethy
Page 143 and 144:
136 2.1 Case-control studies 2.1.1
Page 145 and 146:
138 3. Studies of Cancer in Experim
Page 147 and 148:
140 1,3-Dihydroxy-2-hydroxymethylan
Page 149 and 150:
142 4.3 Reproductive and developmen
Page 151 and 152:
Table 1 (contd) Test system Result
Page 153 and 154:
146 5.1 Exposure data 5. Summary of
Page 155 and 156:
148 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Brigg
Page 157 and 158:
150 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Nusko
Page 160 and 161:
D. SENECIO SPECIES AND RIDDELLIINE
Page 162 and 163:
metry (Witte et al., 1992). Thin-la
Page 164 and 165:
sex were killed after a seven-week
Page 166 and 167:
4.2.2 Experimental systems SOME TRA
Page 168 and 169:
Table 1. Genetic and related effect
Page 170 and 171:
Riddelliine induced unscheduled DNA
Page 172 and 173:
5.3 Animal carcinogenicity data In
Page 174 and 175:
SOME TRADITIONAL HERBAL MEDICINES 1
Page 176:
SOME MYCOTOXINS
Page 179 and 180:
172 Aflatoxin G 1 IARC MONOGRAPHS V
Page 181 and 182:
Page 183 and 184:
Table 2 (contd) Method no. Aflatoxi
Page 185 and 186:
178 indicates that A. flavus and A.
Page 187 and 188:
Table 4. Occurrence of aflatoxin B1
Page 189 and 190:
182 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 aflat
Page 191 and 192:
Table 6. Co-occurrence of aflatoxin
Page 193 and 194:
186 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Figur
Page 195 and 196:
188 1.4 International exposure esti
Page 197 and 198:
190 (c) Impact of establishing maxi
Page 199 and 200:
192 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 used
Page 201 and 202:
Page 203 and 204:
Table 10 (contd) Reference Area Uni
Page 205 and 206:
198 were collapsed into a conventio
Page 207 and 208:
Table 11 (contd) Reference Area Stu
Page 209 and 210:
202 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 histo
Page 211 and 212:
204 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 resid
Page 213 and 214:
Table 12. Summary of principal case
Page 215 and 216:
208 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 disea
Page 217 and 218:
210 3. Studies of Cancer in Experim
Page 219 and 220:
212 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 diet
Page 221 and 222:
214 3.4 Administration with known c
Page 223 and 224:
216 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 The 8
Page 225 and 226:
218 observed in rat liver slices, a
Page 227 and 228:
Page 229 and 230:
222 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 an α
Page 231 and 232:
224 (mainly hepatocellular carcinom
Page 233 and 234:
226 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 but i
Page 235 and 236:
228 lordosis and reduction in conce
Page 237 and 238:
Page 239 and 240:
232 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 sampl
Page 241 and 242:
234 In eight subjects (four from Ho
Page 243 and 244:
Table 16 (contd) Test system Result
Page 245 and 246:
Page 247 and 248:
240 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 anima
Page 249 and 250:
242 difference between the two stud
Page 251 and 252:
244 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 HBV-t
Page 253 and 254:
246 In a large cohort study in Shan
Page 255 and 256:
248 experimental data in showing th
Page 257 and 258:
250 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Ander
Page 259 and 260:
252 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Buetl
Page 261 and 262:
254 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Denis
Page 263 and 264:
256 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Galla
Page 265 and 266:
258 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Heino
Page 267 and 268:
260 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Jalon
Page 269 and 270:
262 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Kirk,
Page 271 and 272:
264 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Lunn,
Page 273 and 274:
266 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Olubu
Page 275 and 276:
268 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Roll,
Page 277 and 278:
270 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Stett
Page 279 and 280:
272 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Verge
Page 281 and 282:
274 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Yang,
Page 283 and 284:
Table 1. IARC evaluations Previous
Page 285 and 286:
278 kernels and in less than 0.1% o
Page 287 and 288:
280 2.5.3 Cottonseed A. flavus is a
Page 289 and 290:
Page 291 and 292:
Page 293 and 294:
Page 295 and 296:
Page 297 and 298:
Page 299 and 300:
Page 301 and 302:
294 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 8. Re
Page 303 and 304:
296 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Guo,
Page 305 and 306:
298 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Marti
Page 307 and 308:
300 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Sharm
Page 309 and 310:
302 (d ) Solubility: Soluble in wat
Page 311 and 312:
304 1.4 Occurrence Fumonisins have
Page 313 and 314:
306 Table 1 (contd) IARC MONOGRAPHS
Page 315 and 316:
308 (c) Formation in commodities ot
Page 317 and 318:
Page 319 and 320:
312 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 3.1 O
Page 321 and 322:
314 3.2.2 Rat IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUM
Page 323 and 324:
316 with NDEA and fumonisin B 1, wh
Page 325 and 326:
318 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 In pi
Page 327 and 328:
Figure 2. Allometric relationship b
Page 329 and 330:
322 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 obser
Page 331 and 332:
324 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Hepat
Page 333 and 334:
326 4.2.3 Related studies IARC MONO
Page 335 and 336:
328 4.3.2 Experimental systems IARC
Page 337 and 338:
330 and litters on postnatal day 21
Page 339 and 340:
Table 4. Genetic and related effect
Page 341 and 342:
334 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 The f
Page 343 and 344:
336 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 (d )
Page 345 and 346:
338 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 treat
Page 347 and 348:
340 4.5.2 Interference with fatty a
Page 349 and 350:
Page 351 and 352:
344 5.2 Human carcinogenicity data
Page 353 and 354:
346 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Alber
Page 355 and 356:
348 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Chamb
Page 357 and 358:
350 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Floss
Page 359 and 360:
352 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Hiroo
Page 361 and 362:
354 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Lee,
Page 363 and 364:
356 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Mobio
Page 365 and 366:
358 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Prelu
Page 367 and 368:
360 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Savar
Page 369 and 370:
362 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Steve
Page 371 and 372:
364 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Flett
Page 373 and 374:
366 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Yu, C
Page 375 and 376:
368 disulfide, carbon tetrachloride
Page 377 and 378:
Table 1 (contd) Sample matrix Sampl
Page 379 and 380:
Table 3. Naphthalene production (th
Page 381 and 382:
374 1.4 Occurrence 1.4.1 Natural oc
Page 383 and 384:
Table 5. Occupational exposure to n
Page 385 and 386:
378 water assuming a water concentr
Page 387 and 388:
380 (Scheepers & Bos, 1992). The av
Page 389 and 390:
382 (d ) Biodegradation Studies on
Page 391 and 392:
Page 393 and 394:
386 3.2 Inhalation exposure 3.2.1 M
Page 395 and 396:
388 3.3.2 Rat Ten BD I and BD III r
Page 397 and 398:
Figure 1. Main metabolic pathways o
Page 399 and 400:
392 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 and t
Page 401 and 402:
394 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 and 1
Page 403 and 404:
396 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 1-240
Page 405 and 406:
398 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Perfu
Page 407 and 408:
400 Siegel and Wason (1986) reviewe
Page 409 and 410:
402 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 liver
Page 411 and 412:
404 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 to id
Page 413 and 414:
406 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Alkal
Page 415 and 416:
408 hyperplasia, atrophy, chronic i
Page 417 and 418:
410 had deficient glucose-6-phospha
Page 419 and 420:
Table 10. Genetic and related effec
Page 421 and 422:
Table 10 (contd) Test system Micron
Page 423 and 424:
416 assay with or without metabolic
Page 425 and 426:
418 There is some evidence of devel
Page 427 and 428:
420 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Bjør
Page 429 and 430:
422 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Conkl
Page 431 and 432:
424 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Envir
Page 433 and 434:
426 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Ho, C
Page 435 and 436:
428 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Lynch
Page 437 and 438:
430 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 O’B
Page 439 and 440:
432 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Schee
Page 441 and 442:
434 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Versc
Page 444 and 445:
STYRENE This substance was consider
Page 446 and 447:
EPA Method 8260B can be used to det
Page 448 and 449:
Styrene is produced mainly by catal
Page 450 and 451:
STYRENE 443 Table 3. Use patterns f
Page 452 and 453:
STYRENE 445 most samples taken from
Page 454 and 455:
STYRENE 447 successive layers of ch
Page 456 and 457:
Table 4 (contd) Country and year of
Page 458 and 459:
Table 5. Biological monitoring of o
Page 460 and 461:
STYRENE 453 Since 1990, the long-te
Page 462 and 463:
same products resulted in exposures
Page 464 and 465:
STYRENE 457 Ambient air monitoring
Page 466 and 467:
200 μg/kg, although 77% of the foo
Page 468 and 469:
Table 8 (contd) Country or region Y
Page 470 and 471:
2.1 Case reports 2. Studies of Canc
Page 472 and 473:
Table 10 (contd) Reference (country
Page 474 and 475:
Table 10 (contd) Reference (country
Page 476 and 477:
STYRENE 469 (95% CI, 1.4-5.2; 10 de
Page 478 and 479:
who had been employed in 1964-70 (t
Page 480 and 481:
elationship for styrene became nega
Page 482 and 483:
atio, 4.4; 95% CI, 1.1-17 in multip
Page 484 and 485:
controls versus 32/32 treated). No
Page 486 and 487:
3.4 Intraperitoneal administration
Page 488 and 489:
Figure 1. Main metabolic pathways f
Page 490 and 491:
STYRENE 483 a maximum and averaged
Page 492 and 493:
(b) Distribution STYRENE 485 An ear
Page 494 and 495:
STYRENE 487 rats with phenobarbital
Page 496 and 497:
STYRENE 489 gavage (100-350 mg/kg b
Page 498 and 499:
CYP2E1 and CYP2F2) inhibited nasal
Page 500 and 501:
model indicated that absorbed styre
Page 502 and 503:
female workers in the glass fibre-r
Page 504 and 505:
STYRENE 497 continuously for seven
Page 506 and 507:
STYRENE 499 exposure concentrations
Page 508 and 509: STYRENE 501 The frequency of sponta
Page 510 and 511: STYRENE 503 groups. Only minor gene
Page 512 and 513: concentrations of styrene in air we
Page 514 and 515: Table 12. Cytogenetic studies in ly
Page 516 and 517: Table 13. Genetic and related effec
Page 518 and 519: (b) Experimental systems (see Table
Page 520 and 521: Table 14 (contd) Test system Result
Page 522 and 523: STYRENE 515 styrene 7,8-oxide. Joha
Page 524 and 525: Styrene 7,8-oxide can bind to DNA w
Page 526 and 527: STYRENE 519 a small and non-signifi
Page 528 and 529: STYRENE 521 and immune systems, liv
Page 530 and 531: STYRENE 523 Artuso, M., Angotzi, G.
Page 532 and 533: STYRENE 525 Brugnone, F., Perbellin
Page 534 and 535: STYRENE 527 Coccini, T., Maestri, L
Page 536 and 537: STYRENE 529 Edling, C., Anundi, H.,
Page 538 and 539: STYRENE 531 Gobba, F., Galassi, C.,
Page 540 and 541: STYRENE 533 Horvath, E., Pongracz,
Page 542 and 543: STYRENE 535 logical Study and the I
Page 544 and 545: STYRENE 537 Linhart, I., Gut, I.,
Page 546 and 547: STYRENE 539 Miller, S.L., Branoff,
Page 548 and 549: STYRENE 541 Newhook, R. & Caldwell,
Page 550 and 551: STYRENE 543 Pryor, G.T., Rebert, C.
Page 552 and 553: STYRENE 545 Sielken, R.L. & Valdez-
Page 554 and 555: STYRENE 547 Tsuda, S., Matsusaka, N
Page 556 and 557: STYRENE 549 Boffetta, P. (1996b) Ex
Page 558: Agent SUMMARY OF FINAL EVALUATIONS
Page 563 and 564: 556 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 PMTDI
Page 565 and 566: 558 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Aldri
Page 567 and 568: 560 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Benz[
Page 569 and 570: 562 β-Butyrolactone 11, 225 (1976)
Page 571 and 572: 564 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Chlor
Page 573 and 574: 566 Cyproterone acetate 72, 49 (199
Page 575 and 576: 568 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Diepo
Page 577 and 578: 570 Ethionamide 13, 83 (1977); Supp
Page 579 and 580: 572 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Haema
Page 581 and 582: 574 L Lasiocarpine 10, 281 (1976);
Page 583 and 584: 576 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Methy
Page 585 and 586: 578 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Nicke
Page 587 and 588: 580 O Ochratoxin A 10, 191 (1976);
Page 589 and 590: 582 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Polyb
Page 591 and 592: 584 Rhodamine 6G 16, 233 (1978); Su
Page 593 and 594: 586 Sulfafurazole 24, 275 (1980); S
Page 595 and 596: 588 1,1,1-Trichloroethane 20, 515 (
Page 597 and 598: 590 Y Yellow AB 8, 279 (1975); Supp
Page 599 and 600: Volume 31 Some Food Additives, Feed
Page 601: All IARC publications are available
show all

IARC MONOGRAPHS ON THE EVALUATION OF CARCINOGENIC ...

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?