IARC MONOGRAPHS ON THE EVALUATION OF CARCINOGENIC ...

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NAPHTHALENE 433 Stripp, B.R., Maxson, K., Mera, R. & Singh, G. (1995) Plasticity of airway cell proliferation and gene expression after acute naphthalene injury. Am. J. Physiol., 269, L791–L799 Stuermer, D.H., Ng, D.I. & Morris, C.J. (1982) Organic contaminants in groundwater near an underground coal gasification site in northeastern Wyoming. Environ. Sci. Technol., 16, 582–587 Summer, K.H., Rozman, K., Coulston, F. & Greim, H. (1979) Urinary excretion of mercapturic acids in chimpanzees and rats. Toxicol. appl. Pharmacol., 50, 207–212 Suzuki, J., Okazaki, H., Nishi, Y. & Suzuki, S. (1982) Formation of mutagens by photolysis of aromatic compounds in aqueous nitrate solution. Bull. environ. Contam. Toxicol., 29, 511–516 Tao, R.V., Holleschau, A.M. & Rathbun, W.B. (1991) Naphthalene-induced cataract in the rat. II. Contrasting effects of two aldose reductase inhibitors on glutathione and glutathione redox enzymes. Ophthalm. Res., 23, 272–283 Thruston, A.D., Jr (1978) High pressure liquid chromatography techniques for the isolation and identification of organics in drinking water extracts. J. chromatogr. Sci., 16, 254–259 Tingle, M.D., Pirmohamed, M., Templeton, E., Wilson, A.S., Madden, S., Kitteringham, N.R. & Park, B.K. (1993) An investigation of the formation of cytotoxic, genotoxic, protein-reactive and stable metabolites from naphthalene by human liver microsomes. Biochem. Pharmacol., 46, 1529–1538 Todisco, V., Lamour, J. & Finberg, L. (1991) Hemolysis from exposure to naphthalene mothballs. New Engl. J. Med., 325, 1660–1661 Traynor, G.W., Apte, M.G., Sokol, H.A., Chuang, J.C., Tucker, W.G. & Mumford, J.L. (1990) Selected organic pollutant emissions from unvented kerosene space heaters. Environ. Sci. Technol., 24, 1265–1270 Tsuruda, L.S., Lamé, M.W. & Jones, A.D. (1995) Formation of epoxide and quinone protein adducts in B6C3F 1 mice treated with naphthalene, sulfate conjugate of 1,4-dihydroxynaphthalene and 1,4-naphthoquinone. Arch. Toxicol., 69, 362–367 Turkall, R.M., Skowronski, G.A., Kadry, A.M. & Abdel-Rahman, M.S. (1994) A comparative study of the kinetics and bioavailability of pure and soil-absorbed naphthalene in dermally exposed male rats. Arch. environ. Toxicol., 26, 504–509 United Nations Environment Programme (2002) UNEP Chemicals Data Bank Legal File, Geneva Usanov, S.A., Erjomin, A.N., Tishchenko, I.V. & Metelitza, D.I. (1982) Comparative study on oxidation of aromatic compounds by rat liver and rabbit lung microsomes. Acta biol. med. germ., 41, 759–769 Vainiotalo, S. & Matveinen, K. (1993) Cooking fumes as a hygienic problem in the food and catering industries. Am. ind. Hyg. Assoc. J., 54, 376–382 Valaes, T., Doxiadis, S.A., & Fessas, P. (1963) Acute hemolysis due to naphthalene inhalation. J. Pediatr., 63, 904–915. Van Winkle, L.S., Buckpitt, A.R., Nishio, S.J., Isaac, J.M. & Plopper, C.G. (1995) Cellular response in naphthalene-induced Clara cell injury and bronchiolar epithelial repair in mice. Am. J. Physiol., 269, L800–L818 Van Winkle, L.S., Johnson, Z.A., Nishio, S.J. Brown, C.D. & Plopper, C.G. (1999) Early events in naphthalene-induced acute Clara cell toxicity. Comparison of membrane permeability and ultrastructure. Am. J. respir. Cell mol. Biol., 21, 44–53
434 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Verschueren, K. (1996) Handbook of Environmental Data on Organic Chemicals, 3rd Ed., New York, Van Nostrand Reinhold, pp. 1349–1359 Vuchetich, P.J., Bagchi, D., Bagchi, M., Hassoun, E.A., Tang, L. & Stohs, S.J. (1996) Naphthalene-induced oxidative stress in rats and the protective effects of vitamin E succinate. Free Radic. Biol. Med., 21, 577–590 Warren, D.L., Brown, D.L., Jr & Buckpitt, A.R. (1982) Evidence for cytochrome P-450 mediated metabolism in the bronchiolar damage by naphthalene. Chem.-biol. Interact., 40, 287–303 Weissenfels, W.D., Klewer, H.-J. & Langhoff, J. (1992) Adsorption of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by soil particles: Influence on biodegradability and biotoxicity. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 36, 689–696 Wells, P.G., Wilson, B. & Lubek, B.M. (1989) In vivo murine studies on the biochemical mechanism of naphthalene cataractogenesis. Toxicol. appl. Pharmacol., 99, 466–473 West, J.A.A., Buckpitt, A.R. & Plopper, C.G. (2000) Elevated airway GSH resynthesis confers protection to Clara cells from naphthalene injury in mice made tolerant by repeated exposures. J. Pharmacol. exp. Ther., 294, 516–523 West, J.A.A., Pakenham, G., Morin, D., Fleschner, C.A., Buckpitt, A.R. & Plopper, C.G. (2001) Inhaled naphthalene causes dose dependent Clara cell cytotoxicity in mice but not in rats. Toxicol. appl. Pharmacol., 173, 114–119 Wild, S.R. & Jones, K.C. (1993) Biological and abiotic losses of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from soils freshly amended with sewage sludge. Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 12, 5–12 Wild, S.R., Waterhouse, K.S., McGrath, S.P. & Jones, K.C. (1990) Organic contaminants in an agricultural soil with a known history of sewage sludge amendments: Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons. Environ. Sci. Technol., 24, 1706–1711 Willems, B.A.T., Melnick, R.L., Kohn, M.C. & Portier, C.J. (2001) A physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for inhalation and intravenous administration of naphthalene in rats and mice. Toxicol. appl. Pharmacol., 176, 81–91 Wilson, N.K. & Chang, J.C. (1991) Indoor air levels of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons and related compounds in an eight-home pilot study. In: Cooke, M., Loening, K. & Merritt, J., eds, Proceeding of the Eleventh International Symposium on Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Gaithersburg, MD, September 1987, Columbus, OH, Battelle, pp. 1053–1064 Wilson, A.S., Tingle, M.D., Kelly, M.D. & Park, B.K. (1995) Evaluation of the generation of genotoxic and cytotoxic metabolites of benzo[a]pyrene, aflatoxin B 1, naphthalene and tamoxifen using human liver microsomes and human lymphocytes. Hum. exp. Toxicol., 14, 507–515 Wilson, A.S., Davis, C.D., Williams, D.P., Buckpitt, A.R., Pirmohamed, M. & Park, B.K. (1996). Characterization of the toxic metabolite(s) of naphthalene. Toxicology, 114, 233–242 Wolf, O. (1976) [Cancers in chemical workers in a former naphthalene purification plant]. Dt. Gesundh. Wesen, 31, 996–999 (in German) Wolf, O. (1978) [Carcinoma of the larynx in naphthalene purifiers]. Z. ges. Hyg., 24, 737–739 (in German) Woolf, A.D., Saperstein, A., Zawin, J., Cappock, R. & Sue, Y.-J. (1993) Radiopacity of household deodorizers, air fresheners, and moth repellents. Clin. Toxicol., 31, 415–428
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WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION INTERNATI
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IARC MONOGRAPHS In 1969, the Intern
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iv IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 3.2 Th
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vi IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 SOME M
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IARC WORKING GROUP ON THE EVALUATIO
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PARTICIPANTS 5 Observer, representi
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PREAMBLE
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10 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 plasms
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12 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 collec
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14 agents present. For processes, i
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16 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Finall
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18 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 and mi
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20 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 (c) St
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22 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 may le
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24 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 It is
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26 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Data r
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28 when there is strong evidence th
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30 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Vol. 7
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GENERAL REMARKS ON THE SUBSTANCES C
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SOME TRADITIONAL HERBAL MEDICINES
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44 which may include, for example,
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46 2. Use of Traditional Herbal Med
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48 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 decade
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50 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Table
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52 3.2.1 Definition of herbal medic
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54 3.2.8 Individual supply Herbal m
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58 3.3.2 Germany (see Kraft, 1999;
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60 beyond placebo, and this informa
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62 3.3.5 Canada The Canadian Food a
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64 of adverse reactions to OTC drug
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66 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 3.3.12
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68 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Jellin
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70 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Simila
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72 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Figure
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74 diameter of 4-6 cm or more, lobe
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76 1.2 Use 1.2.1 Aristolochia conto
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78 1.3.3 Aristolochia fangchi Compo
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80 1.6.2 Structural and molecular f
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82 chromatographic separation with
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84 may contain aristolochic acids.
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86 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 A bila
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88 received distilled water. The an
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90 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Figure
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92 varied from undetectable (< 0.02
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94 lochic acids enhanced immune res
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96 4.4 Genetic and related effects
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Table 3 (contd) Details of study DN
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Table 4. DNA adduct formation with
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Table 4 (contd) Details of study Co
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Table 5 (contd) Species Treatment I
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Table 6. DNA adduct formation by ar
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Table 6 (contd) Test system Assay D
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Table 6 (contd) Test system Assay D
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Table 7. Polymerase action on arist
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Table 8 (contd) Test system Drosoph
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116 of the forestomach and lung of
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118 lochic acid II (three metabolit
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120 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Che,
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122 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Healt
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124 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Nishi
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126 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Schme
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128 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Yang,
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130 Figure 1. Morinda officinalis H
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132 1.3.2 Morinda officinalis A num
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134 by Soxhlet extraction with ethy
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136 2.1 Case-control studies 2.1.1
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138 3. Studies of Cancer in Experim
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140 1,3-Dihydroxy-2-hydroxymethylan
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142 4.3 Reproductive and developmen
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Table 1 (contd) Test system Result
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146 5.1 Exposure data 5. Summary of
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148 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Brigg
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150 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Nusko
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D. SENECIO SPECIES AND RIDDELLIINE
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metry (Witte et al., 1992). Thin-la
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sex were killed after a seven-week
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4.2.2 Experimental systems SOME TRA
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Table 1. Genetic and related effect
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Riddelliine induced unscheduled DNA
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5.3 Animal carcinogenicity data In
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SOME TRADITIONAL HERBAL MEDICINES 1
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SOME MYCOTOXINS
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172 Aflatoxin G 1 IARC MONOGRAPHS V
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Table 2 (contd) Method no. Aflatoxi
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178 indicates that A. flavus and A.
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Table 4. Occurrence of aflatoxin B1
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182 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 aflat
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Table 6. Co-occurrence of aflatoxin
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186 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Figur
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188 1.4 International exposure esti
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190 (c) Impact of establishing maxi
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192 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 used
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Table 10 (contd) Reference Area Uni
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198 were collapsed into a conventio
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Table 11 (contd) Reference Area Stu
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202 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 histo
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204 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 resid
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Table 12. Summary of principal case
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208 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 disea
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210 3. Studies of Cancer in Experim
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212 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 diet
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214 3.4 Administration with known c
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216 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 The 8
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218 observed in rat liver slices, a
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222 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 an α
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224 (mainly hepatocellular carcinom
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226 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 but i
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228 lordosis and reduction in conce
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232 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 sampl
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234 In eight subjects (four from Ho
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240 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 anima
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242 difference between the two stud
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244 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 HBV-t
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246 In a large cohort study in Shan
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248 experimental data in showing th
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250 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Ander
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252 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Buetl
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254 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Denis
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256 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Galla
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258 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Heino
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260 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Jalon
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262 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Kirk,
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264 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Lunn,
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266 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Olubu
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268 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Roll,
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270 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Stett
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272 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Verge
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274 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Yang,
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Table 1. IARC evaluations Previous
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278 kernels and in less than 0.1% o
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280 2.5.3 Cottonseed A. flavus is a
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294 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 8. Re
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296 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Guo,
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298 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Marti
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300 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Sharm
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302 (d ) Solubility: Soluble in wat
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304 1.4 Occurrence Fumonisins have
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306 Table 1 (contd) IARC MONOGRAPHS
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308 (c) Formation in commodities ot
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312 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 3.1 O
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314 3.2.2 Rat IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUM
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316 with NDEA and fumonisin B 1, wh
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318 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 In pi
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Figure 2. Allometric relationship b
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322 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 obser
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324 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Hepat
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326 4.2.3 Related studies IARC MONO
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328 4.3.2 Experimental systems IARC
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330 and litters on postnatal day 21
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Table 4. Genetic and related effect
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334 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 The f
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336 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 (d )
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338 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 treat
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340 4.5.2 Interference with fatty a
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344 5.2 Human carcinogenicity data
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346 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Alber
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348 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Chamb
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350 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Floss
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352 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Hiroo
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354 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Lee,
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356 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Mobio
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358 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Prelu
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360 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Savar
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362 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Steve
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364 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Flett
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366 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Yu, C
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368 disulfide, carbon tetrachloride
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Table 1 (contd) Sample matrix Sampl
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Table 3. Naphthalene production (th
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374 1.4 Occurrence 1.4.1 Natural oc
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Table 5. Occupational exposure to n
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378 water assuming a water concentr
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380 (Scheepers & Bos, 1992). The av
Page 389 and 390: 382 (d ) Biodegradation Studies on
Page 391 and 392: 384 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Table
Page 393 and 394: 386 3.2 Inhalation exposure 3.2.1 M
Page 395 and 396: 388 3.3.2 Rat Ten BD I and BD III r
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Page 403 and 404: 396 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 1-240
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Page 409 and 410: 402 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 liver
Page 411 and 412: 404 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 to id
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Page 419 and 420: Table 10. Genetic and related effec
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Page 423 and 424: 416 assay with or without metabolic
Page 425 and 426: 418 There is some evidence of devel
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Page 435 and 436: 428 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Lynch
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Page 439: 432 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Schee
Page 444 and 445: STYRENE This substance was consider
Page 446 and 447: EPA Method 8260B can be used to det
Page 448 and 449: Styrene is produced mainly by catal
Page 450 and 451: STYRENE 443 Table 3. Use patterns f
Page 452 and 453: STYRENE 445 most samples taken from
Page 454 and 455: STYRENE 447 successive layers of ch
Page 456 and 457: Table 4 (contd) Country and year of
Page 458 and 459: Table 5. Biological monitoring of o
Page 460 and 461: STYRENE 453 Since 1990, the long-te
Page 462 and 463: same products resulted in exposures
Page 464 and 465: STYRENE 457 Ambient air monitoring
Page 466 and 467: 200 μg/kg, although 77% of the foo
Page 468 and 469: Table 8 (contd) Country or region Y
Page 470 and 471: 2.1 Case reports 2. Studies of Canc
Page 472 and 473: Table 10 (contd) Reference (country
Page 474 and 475: Table 10 (contd) Reference (country
Page 476 and 477: STYRENE 469 (95% CI, 1.4-5.2; 10 de
Page 478 and 479: who had been employed in 1964-70 (t
Page 480 and 481: elationship for styrene became nega
Page 482 and 483: atio, 4.4; 95% CI, 1.1-17 in multip
Page 484 and 485: controls versus 32/32 treated). No
Page 486 and 487: 3.4 Intraperitoneal administration
Page 488 and 489: Figure 1. Main metabolic pathways f
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STYRENE 483 a maximum and averaged
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(b) Distribution STYRENE 485 An ear
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STYRENE 487 rats with phenobarbital
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STYRENE 489 gavage (100-350 mg/kg b
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CYP2E1 and CYP2F2) inhibited nasal
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model indicated that absorbed styre
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female workers in the glass fibre-r
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STYRENE 497 continuously for seven
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STYRENE 499 exposure concentrations
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STYRENE 501 The frequency of sponta
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STYRENE 503 groups. Only minor gene
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concentrations of styrene in air we
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Table 12. Cytogenetic studies in ly
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Table 13. Genetic and related effec
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(b) Experimental systems (see Table
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STYRENE 515 styrene 7,8-oxide. Joha
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Styrene 7,8-oxide can bind to DNA w
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STYRENE 519 a small and non-signifi
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STYRENE 521 and immune systems, liv
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STYRENE 523 Artuso, M., Angotzi, G.
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STYRENE 525 Brugnone, F., Perbellin
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STYRENE 527 Coccini, T., Maestri, L
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STYRENE 529 Edling, C., Anundi, H.,
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STYRENE 531 Gobba, F., Galassi, C.,
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STYRENE 533 Horvath, E., Pongracz,
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STYRENE 535 logical Study and the I
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STYRENE 537 Linhart, I., Gut, I.,
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STYRENE 539 Miller, S.L., Branoff,
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STYRENE 541 Newhook, R. & Caldwell,
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STYRENE 543 Pryor, G.T., Rebert, C.
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STYRENE 545 Sielken, R.L. & Valdez-
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STYRENE 547 Tsuda, S., Matsusaka, N
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STYRENE 549 Boffetta, P. (1996b) Ex
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Agent SUMMARY OF FINAL EVALUATIONS
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554 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 DGAL:
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556 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 PMTDI
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558 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Aldri
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560 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Benz[
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562 β-Butyrolactone 11, 225 (1976)
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564 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Chlor
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566 Cyproterone acetate 72, 49 (199
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568 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Diepo
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570 Ethionamide 13, 83 (1977); Supp
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572 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Haema
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574 L Lasiocarpine 10, 281 (1976);
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576 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Methy
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578 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Nicke
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580 O Ochratoxin A 10, 191 (1976);
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582 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Polyb
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584 Rhodamine 6G 16, 233 (1978); Su
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586 Sulfafurazole 24, 275 (1980); S
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588 1,1,1-Trichloroethane 20, 515 (
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590 Y Yellow AB 8, 279 (1975); Supp
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Volume 31 Some Food Additives, Feed
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