IARC MONOGRAPHS ON THE EVALUATION OF CARCINOGENIC ...

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FUMONISIN B 1 Thiel, P.G., Shephard, G.S., Sydenham, E.W., Marasas, W.F.O., Nelson, P.E. & Wilson, T.M. (1991b) Levels of fumonisins B 1 and B 2 in feeds associated with confirmed cases of equine leukoencephalomalacia. J. agric. Food Chem., 39, 109–111 Thiel, P.G., Marasas, W.F.O., Sydenham, E.W., Shephard, G.S. & Gelderblom, W.C.A. (1992) The implications of naturally occurring levels of fumonisins in corn for human and animal health. Mycopathologia, 117, 3–9 Tolleson, W.H., Couch, L.H., Melchior, W.B., Jr, Jenkins, G.R., Muskhelishvili, M., Muskhelishvili, L., McGarrity, L.J., Domon, O., Morris, S.M. & Howard, P.C. (1999) Fumonisin B 1 induces apoptosis in cultured human keratinocytes through sphinganine accumulation and ceramide depletion. Int. J. Oncol., 14, 823–843 Torres, M.R., Sanchis, V. & Ramos, A.J. (1998) Occurrence of fumonisins in Spanish beers analyzed by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Int. J. Food Microbiol., 39, 139–143 Trucksess, M.W., Stack, M.E., Allen, S. & Barrion, N. (1995) Immunoaffinity column coupled with liquid chromatography for determination of fumonisin B 1 in canned and frozen sweet corn. J. Assoc. off. anal. Chem. int., 78, 705–710 Tseng, T.C. & Liu, C.Y. (1997) Natural occurrence of fumonisins in corn-based foodstuffs in Taiwan. Cereal Res. Commun., 25, 393–394 Tsunoda, M., Shanna, R.P. & Riley, R.T. (1998) Early fumonisin B 1, toxicity in relation to disrupted sphingolipid metabolism in male BALB/c mice. J. biochem. mol. Toxicol., 12, 281–289 Turner, P.C., Nikiema, P. & Wild, C.P. (1999) Fumonisin contamination of food: Progress in development of biomarkers to better assess human health risks. Mutat. Res., 443, 81–93 Ueno, Y., Aoyama, S., Sugiura, Y., Wang, D.-S., Lee, U.-S., Hirooka, E.Y., Hara, S., Karki, T., Chen, G. & Yu, S.-Z. (1993) A limited survey of fumonisins in corn and corn-based products in Asian countries. Mycotoxin Res., 9, 27–34 Ueno, Y., Iijima, K., Wang, S.-D., Sugiura, Y., Sekijima, M., Tanaka, T., Chen, C. & Yu, S.-Z. (1997) Fumonisins as a possible contributory risk factor for primary liver cancer: A 3-year study of corn harvested in Haimen, China by HPLC and ELISA. Food chem. Toxicol., 35, 1143–1150 Usleber, E., Straka, M. & Terplan, G. (1994a) Enzyme immunoassay for fumonisin B 1 applied to corn-based food. J. agric. Food Chem., 42, 1392–1396 Usleber, E., Schlichtherle, C. & Märtlbauer, E. (1994b) [Occurrence of mycotoxins in the environment. Fumonisins.] Mag. Food Dairy Ind., 115, 1220–1227 [in German] van der Westhuizen, L., Brown, N.L., Marasas, W.F.O., Swanevelder, S. & Shephard, G.S. (1999) Sphinganine/sphingosine ratio in plasma and urine as a possible biomarker for fumonisins exposure in humans in rural areas of Africa. Food chem. Toxicol., 37, 1153–1158 van der Westhuizen, L., Shephard, G.S. & van Schalkwyk, D.J. (2001) The effect of a single gavage dose of fumonisin B 1 on the sphinganine and sphingosine levels in vervet monkeys. Toxicon, 39, 273–281 Vasanthi, S. & Bhat, R.V. (1998) Mycotoxins in foods — Occurrence, health and economic significance and food control measures. Indian J. med. Res., 108, 212–224 Viljoen, J.H., Marasas, W.F.O. & Thiel, P.G. (1994) Fungal infection and mycotoxic contamination of commercial maize. In: Du Plessis, J.G., Van Rensberg, J.B.J., McLaren, N.W. & 363
364 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Flett, B.C., eds, Proceedings of the Tenth South African Maize Breeding Symposium, Potchefstroom, Department of Agriculture, pp. 26–37 Visconti, A. & Doko, M.B. (1994) Survey of fumonisin production by Fusarium isolated from cereals in Europe. J. Assoc. off. anal. Chem. int., 77, 546–550 Visconti, A., Doko, M.B., Bottalico, C., Schurer, B. & Boenke, A. (1994) Stability of fumonisins (FB 1 and FB 2) in solution. Food Addit. Contam., 11, 427–431 Visconti, A., Boenke, A., Doko, M.B., Solfrizzo, M. & Pascale, M. (1995) Occurrence of fumonisins in Europe and the BCR-measurements and testing projects. Natural Toxins, 3, 269–274 Visconti, A., Solfrizzo, M. & De Girolamo, A. (2001) Determination of fumonisins B 1 and B 2 in corn and corn flakes by liquid chromatography with immunoaffinity column cleanup: Collaborative study. J. Assoc. off. anal. Chem. int., 84, 1828-1837 Voss, K.A., Chamlerlain, W.J., Bacon, C.W. & Norred, W.P. (1993) A preliminary investigation on hepatic toxicity in rats fed purified fumonisin B 1. Natural Toxins, 1, 222–228 Voss, K.A., Chamlerlain, W.J., Bacon, C.W., Riley, R.T. & Norred, W.P. (1995a) Subchronic toxicity of fumonisin B 1 to male and female rats. Food Addit. Contam., 121, 473–478 Voss, K.A., Chamberlain, W.J., Bacon, C.W., Herbert, R.A., Walters, D.B. & Norred, W.P. (1995b) Subchronic feeding study of the mycotoxin fumonisin B 1 in B6C3F 1 mice and Fischer 344 rats. Fundam. appl. Toxicol., 24, 102–110 Voss, K.A., Riley, R.T., Bacon, C.W., Chamberlain, W.J. & Norred, W.P. (1996a) Subchronic toxic effects of Fusarium moniliforme and fumonisin B 1 in rats and mice. Natural Toxins, 4, 16–23 Voss, K. A., Bacon, C. W., Norred, W. P., Chapin, R.E., Chamberlain, W. J., Plattner, R.D. & Meredith, F.I. (1996b) Studies on the reproductive effects of Fusarium moniliforme culture material in rat and the biodistribution of [ 14 C]fumonisin B 1 in pregnant rats. Natural Toxins, 4, 24–33 Voss, K.A., Bacon, C.W., Meredith, F.I. & Norred, W.P. (1996c) Comparative subchronic toxicity studies of nixtamalized and water-extracted Fusarium moniliforme culture material. Food chem. Toxicol., 34, 623–632 Voss, K.A., Riley, R.T., Bacon, C.W., Meredith, F.I. & Norred, W.P. (1998) Toxicity and sphinganine levels are correlated in rats fed fumonisin B 1 (FB 1) or hydrolyzed FB 1. Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol., 5, 101–104 Voss, K.A., Riley, R.T., Norred, W.P., Bacon, C.W., Meredith, F.I., Howard, P.C., Plattner, R.D., Collins, T.F.X., Hansen, D.K. & Porter, J.K. (2001) An overview of rodent toxicities: Liver, and kidney effects of fumonisins and Fusarium moniliforme. Environ. Health Perspect., 109 (Suppl. 2), 259–266 Vudathala, D.K., Prelusky, D.B., Ayroud, M., Trenholm, H.L. & Miller, J.D. (1994) Pharmacokinetic fate and pathological effects of 14 C-fumonisin B 1 in laying hens. Natural Toxins, 2, 81–88 Wang, E., Norred, W.P., Bacon, C.W., Riley, R.T. & Merrill, A.H., Jr (1991) Inhibition of sphingolipid biosynthesis by fumonisins: Implications for diseases associated with Fusarium moniliforme. J. biol. Chem., 266, 14486–14490 Wang, E., Ross, P.F., Wilson, T.M., Riley, R.T. & Merrill, A.H., Jr (1992) Increases in serum sphingosine and sphinganine and decreases in complex sphingolipids in ponies given feed containing fumonisins, mycotoxins produced by Fusarium moniliforme. J. Nutr., 122, 1706–1716
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WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION INTERNATI
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IARC MONOGRAPHS In 1969, the Intern
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iv IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 3.2 Th
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vi IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 SOME M
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IARC WORKING GROUP ON THE EVALUATIO
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PARTICIPANTS 5 Observer, representi
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PREAMBLE
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10 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 plasms
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12 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 collec
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14 agents present. For processes, i
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16 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Finall
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18 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 and mi
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20 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 (c) St
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22 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 may le
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24 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 It is
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26 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Data r
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28 when there is strong evidence th
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30 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Vol. 7
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GENERAL REMARKS ON THE SUBSTANCES C
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SOME TRADITIONAL HERBAL MEDICINES
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44 which may include, for example,
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46 2. Use of Traditional Herbal Med
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48 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 decade
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50 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Table
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52 3.2.1 Definition of herbal medic
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54 3.2.8 Individual supply Herbal m
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58 3.3.2 Germany (see Kraft, 1999;
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60 beyond placebo, and this informa
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62 3.3.5 Canada The Canadian Food a
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64 of adverse reactions to OTC drug
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66 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 3.3.12
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68 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Jellin
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70 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Simila
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72 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Figure
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74 diameter of 4-6 cm or more, lobe
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76 1.2 Use 1.2.1 Aristolochia conto
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78 1.3.3 Aristolochia fangchi Compo
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80 1.6.2 Structural and molecular f
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82 chromatographic separation with
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84 may contain aristolochic acids.
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86 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 A bila
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88 received distilled water. The an
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90 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Figure
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92 varied from undetectable (< 0.02
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94 lochic acids enhanced immune res
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96 4.4 Genetic and related effects
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Table 3 (contd) Details of study DN
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Table 4. DNA adduct formation with
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Table 4 (contd) Details of study Co
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Table 5 (contd) Species Treatment I
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Table 6. DNA adduct formation by ar
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Table 6 (contd) Test system Assay D
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Table 6 (contd) Test system Assay D
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Table 7. Polymerase action on arist
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Table 8 (contd) Test system Drosoph
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116 of the forestomach and lung of
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118 lochic acid II (three metabolit
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120 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Che,
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122 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Healt
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124 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Nishi
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126 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Schme
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128 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Yang,
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130 Figure 1. Morinda officinalis H
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132 1.3.2 Morinda officinalis A num
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134 by Soxhlet extraction with ethy
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136 2.1 Case-control studies 2.1.1
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138 3. Studies of Cancer in Experim
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140 1,3-Dihydroxy-2-hydroxymethylan
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142 4.3 Reproductive and developmen
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Table 1 (contd) Test system Result
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146 5.1 Exposure data 5. Summary of
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148 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Brigg
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150 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Nusko
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D. SENECIO SPECIES AND RIDDELLIINE
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metry (Witte et al., 1992). Thin-la
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sex were killed after a seven-week
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4.2.2 Experimental systems SOME TRA
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Table 1. Genetic and related effect
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Riddelliine induced unscheduled DNA
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5.3 Animal carcinogenicity data In
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SOME TRADITIONAL HERBAL MEDICINES 1
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SOME MYCOTOXINS
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172 Aflatoxin G 1 IARC MONOGRAPHS V
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Table 2 (contd) Method no. Aflatoxi
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178 indicates that A. flavus and A.
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Table 4. Occurrence of aflatoxin B1
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182 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 aflat
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Table 6. Co-occurrence of aflatoxin
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186 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Figur
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188 1.4 International exposure esti
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190 (c) Impact of establishing maxi
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192 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 used
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Table 10 (contd) Reference Area Uni
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198 were collapsed into a conventio
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Table 11 (contd) Reference Area Stu
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202 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 histo
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204 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 resid
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Table 12. Summary of principal case
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208 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 disea
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210 3. Studies of Cancer in Experim
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212 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 diet
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214 3.4 Administration with known c
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216 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 The 8
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218 observed in rat liver slices, a
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222 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 an α
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224 (mainly hepatocellular carcinom
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226 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 but i
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228 lordosis and reduction in conce
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232 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 sampl
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234 In eight subjects (four from Ho
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240 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 anima
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242 difference between the two stud
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244 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 HBV-t
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246 In a large cohort study in Shan
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248 experimental data in showing th
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250 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Ander
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252 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Buetl
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254 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Denis
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256 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Galla
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258 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Heino
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260 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Jalon
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262 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Kirk,
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264 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Lunn,
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266 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Olubu
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268 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Roll,
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270 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Stett
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272 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Verge
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274 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Yang,
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Table 1. IARC evaluations Previous
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278 kernels and in less than 0.1% o
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280 2.5.3 Cottonseed A. flavus is a
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294 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 8. Re
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296 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Guo,
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298 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Marti
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300 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Sharm
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302 (d ) Solubility: Soluble in wat
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304 1.4 Occurrence Fumonisins have
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306 Table 1 (contd) IARC MONOGRAPHS
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308 (c) Formation in commodities ot
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Page 319 and 320: 312 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 3.1 O
Page 321 and 322: 314 3.2.2 Rat IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUM
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Page 327 and 328: Figure 2. Allometric relationship b
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Page 333 and 334: 326 4.2.3 Related studies IARC MONO
Page 335 and 336: 328 4.3.2 Experimental systems IARC
Page 337 and 338: 330 and litters on postnatal day 21
Page 339 and 340: Table 4. Genetic and related effect
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Page 345 and 346: 338 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 treat
Page 347 and 348: 340 4.5.2 Interference with fatty a
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Page 351 and 352: 344 5.2 Human carcinogenicity data
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Page 373 and 374: 366 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Yu, C
Page 375 and 376: 368 disulfide, carbon tetrachloride
Page 377 and 378: Table 1 (contd) Sample matrix Sampl
Page 379 and 380: Table 3. Naphthalene production (th
Page 381 and 382: 374 1.4 Occurrence 1.4.1 Natural oc
Page 383 and 384: Table 5. Occupational exposure to n
Page 385 and 386: 378 water assuming a water concentr
Page 387 and 388: 380 (Scheepers & Bos, 1992). The av
Page 389 and 390: 382 (d ) Biodegradation Studies on
Page 391 and 392: 384 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Table
Page 393 and 394: 386 3.2 Inhalation exposure 3.2.1 M
Page 395 and 396: 388 3.3.2 Rat Ten BD I and BD III r
Page 397 and 398: Figure 1. Main metabolic pathways o
Page 399 and 400: 392 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 and t
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Page 405 and 406: 398 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Perfu
Page 407 and 408: 400 Siegel and Wason (1986) reviewe
Page 409 and 410: 402 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 liver
Page 411 and 412: 404 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 to id
Page 413 and 414: 406 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Alkal
Page 415 and 416: 408 hyperplasia, atrophy, chronic i
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Table 10 (contd) Test system Micron
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416 assay with or without metabolic
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418 There is some evidence of devel
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420 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Bjør
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422 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Conkl
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424 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Envir
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426 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Ho, C
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428 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Lynch
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430 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 O’B
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432 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Schee
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434 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Versc
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STYRENE This substance was consider
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EPA Method 8260B can be used to det
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Styrene is produced mainly by catal
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STYRENE 443 Table 3. Use patterns f
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STYRENE 445 most samples taken from
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STYRENE 447 successive layers of ch
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Table 4 (contd) Country and year of
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Table 5. Biological monitoring of o
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STYRENE 453 Since 1990, the long-te
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same products resulted in exposures
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STYRENE 457 Ambient air monitoring
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200 μg/kg, although 77% of the foo
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Table 8 (contd) Country or region Y
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2.1 Case reports 2. Studies of Canc
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Table 10 (contd) Reference (country
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Table 10 (contd) Reference (country
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STYRENE 469 (95% CI, 1.4-5.2; 10 de
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who had been employed in 1964-70 (t
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elationship for styrene became nega
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atio, 4.4; 95% CI, 1.1-17 in multip
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controls versus 32/32 treated). No
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3.4 Intraperitoneal administration
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Figure 1. Main metabolic pathways f
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STYRENE 483 a maximum and averaged
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(b) Distribution STYRENE 485 An ear
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STYRENE 487 rats with phenobarbital
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STYRENE 489 gavage (100-350 mg/kg b
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CYP2E1 and CYP2F2) inhibited nasal
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model indicated that absorbed styre
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female workers in the glass fibre-r
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STYRENE 497 continuously for seven
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STYRENE 499 exposure concentrations
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STYRENE 501 The frequency of sponta
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STYRENE 503 groups. Only minor gene
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concentrations of styrene in air we
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Table 12. Cytogenetic studies in ly
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Table 13. Genetic and related effec
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(b) Experimental systems (see Table
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STYRENE 515 styrene 7,8-oxide. Joha
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Styrene 7,8-oxide can bind to DNA w
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STYRENE 519 a small and non-signifi
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STYRENE 521 and immune systems, liv
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STYRENE 523 Artuso, M., Angotzi, G.
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STYRENE 525 Brugnone, F., Perbellin
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STYRENE 527 Coccini, T., Maestri, L
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STYRENE 529 Edling, C., Anundi, H.,
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STYRENE 531 Gobba, F., Galassi, C.,
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STYRENE 533 Horvath, E., Pongracz,
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STYRENE 535 logical Study and the I
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STYRENE 537 Linhart, I., Gut, I.,
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STYRENE 539 Miller, S.L., Branoff,
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STYRENE 541 Newhook, R. & Caldwell,
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STYRENE 543 Pryor, G.T., Rebert, C.
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STYRENE 545 Sielken, R.L. & Valdez-
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STYRENE 547 Tsuda, S., Matsusaka, N
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STYRENE 549 Boffetta, P. (1996b) Ex
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Agent SUMMARY OF FINAL EVALUATIONS
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554 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 DGAL:
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556 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 PMTDI
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558 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Aldri
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560 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Benz[
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562 β-Butyrolactone 11, 225 (1976)
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564 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Chlor
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566 Cyproterone acetate 72, 49 (199
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568 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Diepo
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570 Ethionamide 13, 83 (1977); Supp
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572 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Haema
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574 L Lasiocarpine 10, 281 (1976);
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576 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Methy
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578 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Nicke
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580 O Ochratoxin A 10, 191 (1976);
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582 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 82 Polyb
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584 Rhodamine 6G 16, 233 (1978); Su
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586 Sulfafurazole 24, 275 (1980); S
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588 1,1,1-Trichloroethane 20, 515 (
Page 597 and 598:
590 Y Yellow AB 8, 279 (1975); Supp
Page 599 and 600:
Volume 31 Some Food Additives, Feed
Page 601:
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