Perceptual Coherence : Hearing and Seeing

464 Index
Sparse coding
advantages, 130–131
basis functions, 132–134, 132n11
decorrelation and elimination of
redundancies, 150, 331
derivation of receptive fields of auditory
cells, 137–140
derivation of space × orientation
receptive fields of visual
cells, 134
derivation of space × time receptive
fields of visual cells, 134
derivation of receptive fields of complex
visual cells, 134–136
description of, 129
independent components analysis,
133–134
inhibitory responses, 144–145
kurtosis, 130
multiresolution representation,
136–140
olfactory sparse coding, 142–145
overcomplete, smoothness, 132–133,
132n12
perception of fractal structure?,
147–149
physiological evidence, effect of
non-classical field, 142–147
representation of edges and boundaries
of objects, 140–142, 326
trade-off between frequency resolution
and temporal resolution,
139–140
See also Statistical regularities in environment
Spatial frequency, 109–110, 207, 209
Spatial ventriloquism
compromise between auditory and
visual position, 411n
create spatially separated auditory
streams, 412–414
visual spatial information nearly always
dominates, 411–412
See also Integrating auditory and visual
information
Spectral centroid, definition of, 350
Specular reflection. See Color reflectance
Spehar, B., 223, 428
Speigle, J. M., 319–320, 369, 427
Sperling, G. S., 224–225, 228–234,
239, 428, 438
Spiegel, M., 282–283, 444
Spike triggered average stimulus, 30
calculation of, 30–35
limitations, 34–35
See also Reverse correlation
Spitz, L., 414, 430
Square waves, 119
Statistical decision theory, 102–107,
242, 247–248, 272, 281
Statistical independence. See Information
theory
Statistical regularities in environment
1/f c fractal functions, combination of
short-range processes, 111–113
autocorrelation in space in time, 24,
108–109
correlated changes over space and
time, 108,
Fourier analysis, 109–110
goal to maximize information transmission,
107–108, 149–150
implication and rationale for power
laws, 116–118
is there a match between regularities
and auditory and visual receptive
fields?, 116–117, 121–122,
127–129, 149–150
power laws in auditory scenes, distribution
of intensity and frequency
fluctuations, 113–114
power laws in visual scenes
amplitude of contrasts, 114–116,
326
temporal variation, 116
variation in illumination,
117–118
scale invariance of images,110,
117, 133, 135, 147
regularities may not be picked up
by perceiver, 189
See also Sparse coding
Stein, B. E., 407–408, 439, 444
Stevens, E. B., 418, 432
Stiles, W. S., 304, 447
Stone, J. V., 408, 444
Stone, L. S., 208, 444
Stoner, G. R., 208, 234, 423, 444
Storm, E., 360, 438