Perceptual Coherence : Hearing and Seeing

vibration frequencies of air masses
within tubes, 341–342
Victor, J. D., 158, 158n, 191n, 445
Vidnyanszky, Z., 221–222, 445
Vieillard, S., 371, 441
Viewpoint processes, dependent and independent,
375
Vinje, W. E., 54–55, 92, 142–143, 423,
438, 445
Visual apparent motion perception
apparent motion occurs between different
colors, shapes, etc., 197
correspondence problem for multiple
dot movements, 197–199
definition of, ambiguity of the independent
variables, 195
effect of brightness and color cues,
218–220
first order and second order motion
patterns, 223–234
form–cue invariance for motion detection,
219
global processes (scene analyses) to
resolve ambiguities, 202–206,
287
heuristics for multiple dot correspondence,
199–202
Korte’s “law” for one dot movement,
196–197
non rigid arrays, signal to noise detection,
215–218
parallel outcomes in hearing,
206–212
parsing step, 203–206
rigid arrays, 212–215
sensibleness of perceived motions,
197, 206
short distance global matches versus
long distance feature matches,
212, 214
See also Visual second order motion
patterns
Visual figure-ground surfaces
emergence due to temporal synchrony
of movements, 234–237
rotational direction synchrony does
not generate surfaces, 238
Visual first order motion patterns
pick-up by spatial-temporal energy
correlation detectors, 227
Index 467
spatial or temporal variation in frequency
or intensity, 224
Visual internal noise
contrast equivalent noise, 245
dark noise, 241–242
equivalent input noise, 243
noisy linear amplifiers, 246–247
photon noise, 246
Visual motion aftereffects
adaptation of local motion detectors,
220–221
aftereffects dependent on surface
perception, not obligatory,
221–223
rationale based on optimal coding,
223
Visual pathways. See What and where
auditory and visual pathways
Visual receptive fields
cortical (V1)
column organization, 59
contextual effects, 423
derived using reverse correlation,
44–45
directionally sensitive, 47, 57–58
even symmetric and odd symmetric
fields, 46, 50
feed-forward model, 47, 49
gabor envelope modeling, 50–53
multiresolution, precise spatial or
frequency information, 60, 421
non-classical receptive fields,
58–59
retinotopic map, 43
separable temporal and nonseparable
temporal fields,
43–47, 53–58, 423
simple and complex cells, 43,
53–55
spatial × orientation filters in a restricted
retinal area, 43, 49
transformation into representation
of local intensity contrast, 59
See also What and where auditory
and visual pathways
ganglion cells and optic nerve
band-pass linear filtering, 39–41
center surround, 38, 331
decorrelation of image, 41, 421
definition of, 28–29