Whale Watching Worldwide

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Main species: Large cetaceans: blue whale, fin whale, sei whale, sperm whale Small cetaceans: Atlantic spotted dolphin, bottlenose dolphin, short‐beaked common dolphin, false killer whale, orca, short‐finned pilot whale, Risso’s dolphin, striped dolphin Tourists: International 78% Domestic 22% Types of tours: Boat‐based, short trips, full‐day trips, multiple‐day trip, dedicated, opportunistic. Average adult ticket price: $70 Estimated employment 127 numbers: Main whale watch season: April to October Acknowledgements: Claudia Oliveira of Instituto do Mar/Dept. Oceanografia e Pescas (University of Azores), Sandra Dart of Direcção Regional de Turismo (Azores Tourism Board) and nine operators 106
Local Case Study: Azores The Portuguese archipelago of Azores sits isolated in the mid Atlantic Ocean, nearly halfway between Canada and Portugal about 1500km (1200mi) from Lisbon. It is made up of nine volcanic islands as well as islets divided into three groups (eastern, central and western) across approximately 600km (370mi). Due to this mid ocean location, the island chain has great and plentiful access to many cetacean species, including the largest of them all, the blue, fin, sei and sperm whales. <strong>Whale</strong> watching as an industry has seen recent strong growth in tourist numbers mainly on the islands of Pico and Faial (in the central group), and São Miguel (in the western group). During the most recent years, the industry has also begun to expand to other islands across the central group including Terceira and Graciosa Islands. However, prior to whale watching, the islands were an equally appropriate location for whaling. The commercial whaling industry ceased operation in 1984 due more to unfavourable market conditions than any sense of conservation outcomes (Santos et al., 1995; Gonçalves & Prieto, 2003). Experimental whale watching first started in 1989 with only one tour operator based in Lajes do Pico, Pico Island continuing at this level until 1993. Since then, the offering of whale watching trips has constantly grown not only in terms of number of whale watching operators, but at an even higher rate in the growth of boats. Operators in 2008 were estimated at 19, up from 6 in 1998. The distinct geographic coastal condition in Azores (steep topography, proximity to the mid‐Atlantic Ridge, Santos et al., 1995; Gonçalves et al., 1996), favors the relatively easy spotting of cetaceans, even from land‐ based points. The use of land‐based lookouts to find cetaceans to pass on this information to the whale watching boats is a re‐adaptation of the ancient whale hunting techniques used in the archipelago. According to Gonçalves and Prieto, 2003, and, Neves‐Graça, 2004, lookouts scan the sea with powerful binoculars and provide information (species, direction and distance to the target) to the whale watching operators by radio. Some of the very same lookouts that were used for whaling in days gone have until recently been used to assist whale watching companies find whales. Until 1999, whale watching was conducted on a seasonal basis, beginning in March/May and extending until October. Since 2000, the São Miguel island enterprises extended the activity period to all year round. In the central Islands (Pico and Faial) the activity is still highly seasonal. Naturally, the number of job positions increased along with the enterprise development, extended season and increment in the number of clients. In 2004, there were 85 job positions and an estimated 127 people employed in the whale watching industry in 2008. Most of these were skippers, mariners and lookouts. Although some employees work year round, since 1996, the average duration of whale watching jobs in the Azores tends to be six months of the year (Oliveira et al., 2005). It has recently been estimated that 12.5% of tourists to the islands are visiting with the explicit intention to watch whales (SREA, 2007a), and with the strong local community support for the industry (SREA, 2007b), it appears that whale watching will continue growing and stimulating the generation of local employment and flow on economic benefits to the islands. References Gonçalves, J. M. & Prieto, R. 2003. Da baleação ao ‘whale watching’. Sociedade e Território (magazine of urban and regional studies), 35: 46‐53. Gonçalves, J. M., Barreiros, J. P. Azevedo, J. M. N. & Norberto, R. 1996. Cetaceans stranded in the Azores during 1992‐96. Arquipélago, Life and Marine Sciences, 14A: 57‐65. 107
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Whale Watching Worldwide Tourism nu
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Whale Watching Worldwide: Tourism n
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GEORGIA, UKRAINE AND RUSSIA - BLACK
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ST. LUCIA..........................
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Foreword: IFAW and Whale Watching 1
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Sidney Holt, at that time IFAW Scie
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Australia, New Zealand and the Sout
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watching trips started (Papastavrou
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For the past four years, IFAW has c
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• Research on the effectiveness o
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Hoyt, E. 2001. Whale Watching 2001:
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Executive Summary Ten years after t
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South America too is showing strong
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Map of the global distribution of w
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Introduction Cultures across the gl
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was achieved. Responses in many cou
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Generally in economics, ‘indirect
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February 2009 for consistency. Desp
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Regions The following section of th
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AFRICA AND MIDDLE EAST Year Number
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Summary of country results Country
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Benin Year Number of whale watchers
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Canary Islands Year Number of whale
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Egypt Year Number of whale watchers
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Local Case Study: Samadai Reef, Egy
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Gabon Year Number of whale watchers
Page 55 and 56: Mervyn Baldwin (Pleasuresports Gamb
Page 57 and 58: In February 2009, political protest
Page 59 and 60: • Local people make up a signific
Page 61 and 62: Mauritius Year Number of whale watc
Page 63 and 64: Acknowledgements: Nils Bertrand (Se
Page 65 and 66: egulation of the industry and has c
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Page 69 and 70: Main species: Large cetaceans: Bryd
Page 71 and 72: São Tomé and Príncipe Year Numbe
Page 73 and 74: Seychelles Year Number of whale wat
Page 75 and 76: Land‐based whale watching also co
Page 77 and 78: Local Case Study: Hermanus, South A
Page 79 and 80: Although the industry is clearly im
Page 81 and 82: The type of cetacean watching shows
Page 84 and 85: Croatia Year Number of whale watche
Page 86 and 87: Denmark Year Number of whale watche
Page 88 and 89: France Year Number of whale watcher
Page 90 and 91: Germany Year Number of whale watche
Page 92 and 93: Greece Year Number of whale watcher
Page 94 and 95: There is also a whale watching indu
Page 96 and 97: Main species: Large cetaceans: blue
Page 98 and 99: solved through dialogue with fisher
Page 100 and 101: Dolphin watch tours last two hours
Page 102 and 103: Monaco Year Number of whale watcher
Page 104 and 105: Main species: Large cetaceans: hump
Page 108 and 109: Neves‐Graça, K. 2004. Revisiting
Page 110 and 111: Portugal ‐ Mainland Year Number o
Page 112 and 113: Acknowledgements: Tilen Genov of Mo
Page 114 and 115: United Kingdom Year Number of whale
Page 116 and 117: Scotland Year Number of whale watch
Page 118 and 119: Wales Year Number of whale watchers
Page 120 and 121: Asia Year Number of whale watchers
Page 122 and 123: 122
Page 124 and 125: Cambodia and Laos Year Number of wh
Page 126 and 127: China China (Mainland) Year Number
Page 128 and 129: expenditure figure is largely expla
Page 130 and 131: Georgia, Ukraine and Russia - Black
Page 132 and 133: Ganges River dolphin and Irrawaddy
Page 134 and 135: Whales migrate between the Pacific
Page 136 and 137: Kyushu Year Number of whale watcher
Page 138 and 139: Ogasawara, Miyakejima, Mikurajima Y
Page 140 and 141: Acknowledgements: Thanks to all eig
Page 142 and 143: Local Case Study: Japan Internation
Page 144 and 145: Maldives Year Number of whale watch
Page 146 and 147: Thanks to Brian Smith of WCS for hi
Page 148 and 149: Philippines Year Number of whale wa
Page 150 and 151: September to May. Puerto Princessa
Page 152 and 153: Sri Lanka Year Number of whale watc
Page 154 and 155: Main species: Small cetaceans: Irra
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epresents a significant average ann
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158
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Antarctica Year Number of whale wat
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Australia Year Number of whale watc
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Queensland Year Number of whale wat
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New South Wales Year Number of whal
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Victoria Year Number of whale watch
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Tasmania Year Number of whale watch
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although the management plan for th
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Main species: Large cetaceans: hump
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• It is the only known predictabl
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Main species: Tourists: Large cetac
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formal cetacean watching industry 4
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Acknowledgements: Michael Poole (Ma
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Midway Year Number of whale watcher
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Acknowledgements: Claire Garrigue a
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North Island Year Number of whale w
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Main species: Large cetaceans: sper
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Palau Year Number of whale watchers
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References: Research for this count
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References: Research for this count
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North America Year Number of whale
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200
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British Columbia Year Number of wha
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Québec Year Number of whale watche
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Nova Scotia and New Brunswick Year
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Most whale watchers in Newfoundland
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Acknowledgements: Thanks to the ope
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St. Pierre and Miquelon Year Number
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Alaska Year Number of whale watcher
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Hawaii Year Number of whale watcher
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Hawaiian Islands (Hawaii, Maui, Oah
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considerably less than those depart
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Nevertheless, the industry is undou
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With the number of boat‐based wha
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In Santa Barbara and Ventura County
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New England Year Number of whale wa
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Local Case Study: Stellwagen Bank,
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Cetacean watching in Virginia is ba
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participated in a workshop on the p
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Central America and Caribbean Year
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Summary of country results Country
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Antigua and Barbuda Year Number of
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organise dedicated land‐based act
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Bermuda Year Number of whale watche
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Costa Rica Year Number of whale wat
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neighbours, earning it the reputati
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Dominican Republic Year Number of w
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Grenada Year Number of whale watche
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Acknowledgements: Evasion Tropicale
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Jamaica Year Number of whale watche
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Maillard, J 2004, ‘Orientations R
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Panama Year Number of whale watcher
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St. Kitts and Nevis Year Number of
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Acknowledgements: Thanks to two ope
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Turks and Caicos Islands Year Numbe
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South America Year: Number of whale
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270
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References: Hoyt, E & Iñíguez, M
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Estimated employment 62 numbers: Ma
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Main species: Large cetaceans: Bryd
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Falkland Islands (Las Malvinas) Yea
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References: Hoyt, E & Iñíguez, M
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Venezuela Year Number of whale watc
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thouands. Through the 1990s, two re
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for starting up sustainable whale w
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Bibliography Agardy, T, Aguilar, N,
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Hoyt, E 2001, ‘Whale Watching 200
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SPREP, Whale and Dolphin Action Pla
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A. Business name: B. Contact name:
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Whale Watching Worldwide

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