Whale Watching Worldwide

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North America Year Number of whale watchers AAGR Number of countries Direct expenditure Indirect expenditure Total expenditure 1991 3,430,225 N/A 3 $46,230,000 $179,045,000 $225,275,000 1994 4,074,195 7.9% 4 $65,791,000 $227,606,000 $293,397,000 1998 5,500,654 7.8% 4 $194,575,000 $399,692,000 $594,267,000 2008 6,256,277 1.3% 4 $566,200,198 $626,352,749 $1,192,552,947 All countries on the continent of North America are involved in whale watching with some of the most mature and long established whale watching communities – a history of over 50 years. In 2008, North America continues to be the largest whale watching region in the world, with two countries accounting for over 1 million whale watchers ‐ the US taking nearly 5 million and Canada over 1 million. The cetacean watching industry across the continent is a major generator of economic activity, being responsible for total expenditure of over $1 billion in 2008. This is a significant figure, particularly when considered that the entire global value of whale watch expenditure in 1998 was $1 billion. In 1998, North America accounted for 60% of the globe’s whale watchers, which has dropped to approximately 50% in 2008, mainly as a result of the ever growing whale watching indsutries in many other parts of the world. However, some of the long established whale watching communities in North America are showing very slow or no growth over the last decade, explained by a number of factors in the country summaries below. 198
The following section outlines detailed descriptions of the whale watching industry across the four countries and territories in North America, this largest and oldest of whale watching regions. Summary of country results Country Number of whale watchers Growth between 1998 and 2008 1998 2008 AAGR Canada 1,075,304 1,165,684 0.8% México 108,206 190,184 NB: Where an industry had ‘None’ or ‘Minimal’ for whale watchers in 1998, a figure of 250 has been used to calculate AAGR. 70 5.8% St. Pierre and Miquelon 607 600 0% USA 4,316,537 4,899,809 1.3% REGIONAL TOTAL 5,500,654 6,256,277 1.3% 70 Projected from 2006 year data in Hoyt and Iñíguez, 2008. 199
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Whale Watching Worldwide Tourism nu
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Whale Watching Worldwide: Tourism n
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GEORGIA, UKRAINE AND RUSSIA - BLACK
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ST. LUCIA..........................
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Foreword: IFAW and Whale Watching 1
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Sidney Holt, at that time IFAW Scie
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Australia, New Zealand and the Sout
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watching trips started (Papastavrou
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For the past four years, IFAW has c
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• Research on the effectiveness o
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Hoyt, E. 2001. Whale Watching 2001:
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Executive Summary Ten years after t
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South America too is showing strong
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Map of the global distribution of w
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Introduction Cultures across the gl
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was achieved. Responses in many cou
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Generally in economics, ‘indirect
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February 2009 for consistency. Desp
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Regions The following section of th
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AFRICA AND MIDDLE EAST Year Number
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Summary of country results Country
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Benin Year Number of whale watchers
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Canary Islands Year Number of whale
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Egypt Year Number of whale watchers
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Local Case Study: Samadai Reef, Egy
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Gabon Year Number of whale watchers
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Mervyn Baldwin (Pleasuresports Gamb
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In February 2009, political protest
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• Local people make up a signific
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Mauritius Year Number of whale watc
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Acknowledgements: Nils Bertrand (Se
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egulation of the industry and has c
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novel Static Acoustic Monitoring te
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Main species: Large cetaceans: Bryd
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São Tomé and Príncipe Year Numbe
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Seychelles Year Number of whale wat
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Land‐based whale watching also co
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Local Case Study: Hermanus, South A
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Although the industry is clearly im
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The type of cetacean watching shows
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Croatia Year Number of whale watche
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Denmark Year Number of whale watche
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France Year Number of whale watcher
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Germany Year Number of whale watche
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Greece Year Number of whale watcher
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There is also a whale watching indu
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Main species: Large cetaceans: blue
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solved through dialogue with fisher
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Dolphin watch tours last two hours
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Monaco Year Number of whale watcher
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Main species: Large cetaceans: hump
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Main species: Large cetaceans: blue
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Neves‐Graça, K. 2004. Revisiting
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Portugal ‐ Mainland Year Number o
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Acknowledgements: Tilen Genov of Mo
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United Kingdom Year Number of whale
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Scotland Year Number of whale watch
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Wales Year Number of whale watchers
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Asia Year Number of whale watchers
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Cambodia and Laos Year Number of wh
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China China (Mainland) Year Number
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expenditure figure is largely expla
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Georgia, Ukraine and Russia - Black
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Ganges River dolphin and Irrawaddy
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Whales migrate between the Pacific
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Kyushu Year Number of whale watcher
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Ogasawara, Miyakejima, Mikurajima Y
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Acknowledgements: Thanks to all eig
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Local Case Study: Japan Internation
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Maldives Year Number of whale watch
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Thanks to Brian Smith of WCS for hi
Page 148 and 149: Philippines Year Number of whale wa
Page 150 and 151: September to May. Puerto Princessa
Page 152 and 153: Sri Lanka Year Number of whale watc
Page 154 and 155: Main species: Small cetaceans: Irra
Page 156 and 157: epresents a significant average ann
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Page 160 and 161: Antarctica Year Number of whale wat
Page 162 and 163: Australia Year Number of whale watc
Page 164 and 165: Queensland Year Number of whale wat
Page 166 and 167: New South Wales Year Number of whal
Page 168 and 169: Victoria Year Number of whale watch
Page 170 and 171: Tasmania Year Number of whale watch
Page 172 and 173: although the management plan for th
Page 174 and 175: Main species: Large cetaceans: hump
Page 176 and 177: • It is the only known predictabl
Page 178 and 179: Main species: Tourists: Large cetac
Page 180 and 181: formal cetacean watching industry 4
Page 182 and 183: Acknowledgements: Michael Poole (Ma
Page 184 and 185: Midway Year Number of whale watcher
Page 186 and 187: Acknowledgements: Claire Garrigue a
Page 188 and 189: North Island Year Number of whale w
Page 190 and 191: Main species: Large cetaceans: sper
Page 192 and 193: Palau Year Number of whale watchers
Page 194 and 195: References: Research for this count
Page 196 and 197: References: Research for this count
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Page 202 and 203: British Columbia Year Number of wha
Page 204 and 205: Québec Year Number of whale watche
Page 206 and 207: Nova Scotia and New Brunswick Year
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Page 210 and 211: Acknowledgements: Thanks to the ope
Page 212 and 213: St. Pierre and Miquelon Year Number
Page 214 and 215: Alaska Year Number of whale watcher
Page 216 and 217: Hawaii Year Number of whale watcher
Page 218 and 219: Hawaiian Islands (Hawaii, Maui, Oah
Page 220 and 221: considerably less than those depart
Page 222 and 223: Nevertheless, the industry is undou
Page 224 and 225: With the number of boat‐based wha
Page 226 and 227: In Santa Barbara and Ventura County
Page 228 and 229: New England Year Number of whale wa
Page 230 and 231: Local Case Study: Stellwagen Bank,
Page 232 and 233: Cetacean watching in Virginia is ba
Page 234 and 235: participated in a workshop on the p
Page 236 and 237: Central America and Caribbean Year
Page 238 and 239: Summary of country results Country
Page 240 and 241: Antigua and Barbuda Year Number of
Page 242 and 243: organise dedicated land‐based act
Page 244 and 245: Bermuda Year Number of whale watche
Page 246 and 247: Costa Rica Year Number of whale wat
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neighbours, earning it the reputati
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Dominican Republic Year Number of w
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Grenada Year Number of whale watche
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Acknowledgements: Evasion Tropicale
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Jamaica Year Number of whale watche
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Maillard, J 2004, ‘Orientations R
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Panama Year Number of whale watcher
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St. Kitts and Nevis Year Number of
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Acknowledgements: Thanks to two ope
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Turks and Caicos Islands Year Numbe
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South America Year: Number of whale
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270
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References: Hoyt, E & Iñíguez, M
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Estimated employment 62 numbers: Ma
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Main species: Large cetaceans: Bryd
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Falkland Islands (Las Malvinas) Yea
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References: Hoyt, E & Iñíguez, M
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Venezuela Year Number of whale watc
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thouands. Through the 1990s, two re
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for starting up sustainable whale w
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Bibliography Agardy, T, Aguilar, N,
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Hoyt, E 2001, ‘Whale Watching 200
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SPREP, Whale and Dolphin Action Pla
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A. Business name: B. Contact name:
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