Whale Watching Worldwide

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Victoria Year Number of whale watchers AAGR: Number of operators Direct expenditure Indirect expenditure Total expenditure 1998 100,000 N/A 6 $709,000 $4,353,000 $5,062,000 2003 139,248 4.2% 10 $706,388 $17,707,622 $18,414,010 2008 56,310 ‐5.6% 33 11 $871,554 $3,367,308 $4,238,862 Whale Watch Locations: 01: Port Phillip Bay 02: Warrnambool 03: Portland Whale watching in Victoria primarily takes place in Port Phillip Bay, and also from Warrnambool and Portland along the Shipwreck Coast, west of Melbourne. In 2008, there were an estimated 56,000 whale watching tourists in Victoria, constituting only 3% of the national total. This is down from the estimated 100,000 whale watchers in 1998 and 139,248 whale watchers in 2003 and is mainly due to decreases in estimates for whale watchers at Warrnambool. In Port Phillip Bay, tours are predominantly dedicated boat‐based tours, although many operators in the region – including diving operators, charter companies and ferry operators – also advertise opportunistic sightings of dolphins. Four operators are also licensed to conduct swim‐with dolphin tours. Australian fur seals are commonly seen during trips and some trips are advertised as dolphin and seal viewing tours. Estimated passenger numbers here have declined since 1998, when it was predicted that numbers were at ‘near carrying capacity’ (Hoyt, 2001). In the west, along the Shipwreck Coast, Warrnambool and Portland attracted up to 37,190 land‐based whale watchers in 2008. Southern right whales migrate through Bass Strait between Tasmania and Victoria from June to September. Warrnambool bills itself as ‘Victoria’s Southern Right Whale Nursery’ and it is here that mothers spend extended periods of time nursing their calves. The land‐based viewing platform is located at Logan’s Beach, with mothers and calves visible in Lady Bay, while males and young juveniles can be seen farther out off the coast. In 2008, new fixed binoculars were installed at Logan’s Beach platform to allow for improved whale viewing. Figures in Warrnambool were significantly lower in 2008, compared to 1998 and 2003; this decline is likely due to changes to the methodology used to calculate land‐based figures for Warrnambool, rather than an actual decline in visitation. In 2003, data was obtained from the Warrnambool City Council, which at the time had undertaken some research to ascertain the economic impact on the town due to whales. In the absence of any similar recent studies, the data in this report relied on car count data to the Logan’s Beach viewing platform. Warrnambool also sees significant annual fluctuation in its whale watch visitor arrivals, depending on the arrival of whales – there have been years of very low whale numbers leading to decreases in tourist arrivals. In Portland, just down the coast from Warrnambool, the whales generally pass through without stopping for as long as they do in Warrnambool, although they are often visible much closer to shore and S 33 AAGR from 1998 to 2008 168
southern right whales are even known to enter the harbour. Sperm whales are also sometimes seen in the area. The Portland Visitor Centre manages an email notification system that has as many as 300 subscribers who are alerted when a whale is sighted. Similar to Eden in NSW, a flag is also raised and a siren sounded when a sighting occurs. Portland is also home to the only known dedicated air‐based blue whale watching tour in the world. Offered between November and May, the trips are helicopter‐based with a flying time of 30 minutes and a sighting rate of over 95%. Blue whales aggregate for feeding in the Bass Straight off Portland in an area known as the Bonney Upwelling, one of only 12 known aggregation areas for blue whales around the world 34 (Gill, 2005). Main species: Large cetaceans: humpback whale, southern right whale, blue whale Small cetaceans: Indo‐Pacific bottlenose dolphin Tourists: N/A International 30% Domestic 70% Types of tours: Boat‐based, land‐based, air‐based, swim‐with Average adult ticket price: $32 (dolphin watching) $68 (dolphin swim‐with) $240 (blue whale watching, 30min flying time for 2 passengers) Estimated employment 17 numbers: Main whale watch season: November to May (blue whales) June to September (southern right whales) Year‐round (dolphins) Acknowledgements: Peter Abbot (Warrnambool City Council), Vivienne Clare (Department of Sustainability & Environment), Rachel Marchbank (Department of Sustainability & Environment), Thesspina Donopoulos (Parks Victoria), and all operators who kindly participated in our research. References: Gill, P 2005, ‘Movements of satellite‐tagged blue whales, Bonney Upwelling’, Australocetus Research & Deakin University, April 2005, available online at: http://www.environment.gov.au/coasts/species/cetaceans/conference/pubs/bw‐gill.pdf 34 The other known aggregation areas for blue whales are the Chilean fjords, Costa Rica Dome, Baja California, US west coast, Gulf of St Lawrence, Davis Strait (Greenland), off the west coast of Iceland, south of Madagascar, east coast of Sri Lanka, Davis Sea (Antarctica) and eastern Nusa Tenngara, Indonesia. 169
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Whale Watching Worldwide Tourism nu
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Whale Watching Worldwide: Tourism n
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GEORGIA, UKRAINE AND RUSSIA - BLACK
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ST. LUCIA..........................
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Foreword: IFAW and Whale Watching 1
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Sidney Holt, at that time IFAW Scie
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Australia, New Zealand and the Sout
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watching trips started (Papastavrou
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For the past four years, IFAW has c
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• Research on the effectiveness o
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Hoyt, E. 2001. Whale Watching 2001:
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Executive Summary Ten years after t
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South America too is showing strong
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Map of the global distribution of w
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Introduction Cultures across the gl
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was achieved. Responses in many cou
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Generally in economics, ‘indirect
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February 2009 for consistency. Desp
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Regions The following section of th
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AFRICA AND MIDDLE EAST Year Number
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Summary of country results Country
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Benin Year Number of whale watchers
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Canary Islands Year Number of whale
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Egypt Year Number of whale watchers
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Local Case Study: Samadai Reef, Egy
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Gabon Year Number of whale watchers
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Mervyn Baldwin (Pleasuresports Gamb
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In February 2009, political protest
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• Local people make up a signific
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Mauritius Year Number of whale watc
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Acknowledgements: Nils Bertrand (Se
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egulation of the industry and has c
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novel Static Acoustic Monitoring te
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Main species: Large cetaceans: Bryd
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São Tomé and Príncipe Year Numbe
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Seychelles Year Number of whale wat
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Land‐based whale watching also co
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Local Case Study: Hermanus, South A
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Although the industry is clearly im
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The type of cetacean watching shows
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Croatia Year Number of whale watche
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Denmark Year Number of whale watche
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France Year Number of whale watcher
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Germany Year Number of whale watche
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Greece Year Number of whale watcher
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There is also a whale watching indu
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Main species: Large cetaceans: blue
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solved through dialogue with fisher
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Dolphin watch tours last two hours
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Monaco Year Number of whale watcher
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Main species: Large cetaceans: hump
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Main species: Large cetaceans: blue
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Neves‐Graça, K. 2004. Revisiting
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Portugal ‐ Mainland Year Number o
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Acknowledgements: Tilen Genov of Mo
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United Kingdom Year Number of whale
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Scotland Year Number of whale watch
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Page 120 and 121: Asia Year Number of whale watchers
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Page 124 and 125: Cambodia and Laos Year Number of wh
Page 126 and 127: China China (Mainland) Year Number
Page 128 and 129: expenditure figure is largely expla
Page 130 and 131: Georgia, Ukraine and Russia - Black
Page 132 and 133: Ganges River dolphin and Irrawaddy
Page 134 and 135: Whales migrate between the Pacific
Page 136 and 137: Kyushu Year Number of whale watcher
Page 138 and 139: Ogasawara, Miyakejima, Mikurajima Y
Page 140 and 141: Acknowledgements: Thanks to all eig
Page 142 and 143: Local Case Study: Japan Internation
Page 144 and 145: Maldives Year Number of whale watch
Page 146 and 147: Thanks to Brian Smith of WCS for hi
Page 148 and 149: Philippines Year Number of whale wa
Page 150 and 151: September to May. Puerto Princessa
Page 152 and 153: Sri Lanka Year Number of whale watc
Page 154 and 155: Main species: Small cetaceans: Irra
Page 156 and 157: epresents a significant average ann
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Page 160 and 161: Antarctica Year Number of whale wat
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Page 164 and 165: Queensland Year Number of whale wat
Page 166 and 167: New South Wales Year Number of whal
Page 170 and 171: Tasmania Year Number of whale watch
Page 172 and 173: although the management plan for th
Page 174 and 175: Main species: Large cetaceans: hump
Page 176 and 177: • It is the only known predictabl
Page 178 and 179: Main species: Tourists: Large cetac
Page 180 and 181: formal cetacean watching industry 4
Page 182 and 183: Acknowledgements: Michael Poole (Ma
Page 184 and 185: Midway Year Number of whale watcher
Page 186 and 187: Acknowledgements: Claire Garrigue a
Page 188 and 189: North Island Year Number of whale w
Page 190 and 191: Main species: Large cetaceans: sper
Page 192 and 193: Palau Year Number of whale watchers
Page 194 and 195: References: Research for this count
Page 196 and 197: References: Research for this count
Page 198 and 199: North America Year Number of whale
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Page 202 and 203: British Columbia Year Number of wha
Page 204 and 205: Québec Year Number of whale watche
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Page 210 and 211: Acknowledgements: Thanks to the ope
Page 212 and 213: St. Pierre and Miquelon Year Number
Page 214 and 215: Alaska Year Number of whale watcher
Page 216 and 217: Hawaii Year Number of whale watcher
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Hawaiian Islands (Hawaii, Maui, Oah
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considerably less than those depart
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Nevertheless, the industry is undou
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With the number of boat‐based wha
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In Santa Barbara and Ventura County
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New England Year Number of whale wa
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Local Case Study: Stellwagen Bank,
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Cetacean watching in Virginia is ba
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participated in a workshop on the p
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Central America and Caribbean Year
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Summary of country results Country
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Antigua and Barbuda Year Number of
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organise dedicated land‐based act
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Bermuda Year Number of whale watche
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Costa Rica Year Number of whale wat
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neighbours, earning it the reputati
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Dominican Republic Year Number of w
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Grenada Year Number of whale watche
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Acknowledgements: Evasion Tropicale
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Jamaica Year Number of whale watche
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Maillard, J 2004, ‘Orientations R
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Panama Year Number of whale watcher
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St. Kitts and Nevis Year Number of
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Acknowledgements: Thanks to two ope
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Turks and Caicos Islands Year Numbe
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South America Year: Number of whale
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270
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References: Hoyt, E & Iñíguez, M
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Estimated employment 62 numbers: Ma
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Main species: Large cetaceans: Bryd
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Falkland Islands (Las Malvinas) Yea
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References: Hoyt, E & Iñíguez, M
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Venezuela Year Number of whale watc
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thouands. Through the 1990s, two re
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for starting up sustainable whale w
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Bibliography Agardy, T, Aguilar, N,
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Hoyt, E 2001, ‘Whale Watching 200
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SPREP, Whale and Dolphin Action Pla
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A. Business name: B. Contact name:
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