Whale Watching Worldwide

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Whale Watching Worldwide: Tourism numbers, expenditures and economic benefits A special report from IFAW – the International Fund for Animal Welfare Requests and inquiries should be addressed to: Communications Manager IFAW International Headquarters 290 Summer Street Yarmouth Port, MA 02675 Tel: +1 (508) 744 2000 Tel: +1 (800) 932 4329 Fax: +1 (508) 744 2009 info@ifaw.org Report prepared by: Economists at Large & Associates Melbourne, Australia www.ecolarge.com info@ecolarge.com Phone: +61 3 9562 4472 | Fax: +61 3 9562 4118 PO Box 256, Noble Park, Melbourne, Australia, 3174 Project Lead: Simon O’Connor Researchers: Roderick Campbell, Tristan Knowles & Hernan Cortez Economists at Large Principal: Francis Grey Project assistance and advice provided by: Erich Hoyt Specific regional data for Latin America provided by: Erich Hoyt and Miguel Iñíguez © 2009 IFAW This work is copyright. Apart from any use permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part may be reproduced by any process without prior written permission from IFAW. Citation: O’Connor, S., Campbell, R., Cortez, H., & Knowles, T., 2009, Whale Watching Worldwide: tourism numbers, expenditures and expanding economic benefits, a special report from the International Fund for Animal Welfare, Yarmouth MA, USA, prepared by Economists at Large. Disclaimer The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the author/s and do not necessarily reflect the views of IFAW. This report is based on data gathered and analysed by Economists at Large through interviews with operators, government, non‐government and other stakeholders as well as secondary data reviews. The findings of this report are dependent on that data which was available at the time of research. 2
Whale Watching Worldwide: Tourism numbers, expenditures and economic benefits A special report from IFAW PREFACE...........................................................................................................................................................8 FOREWORD: IFAW AND WHALE WATCHING 1980 ‐ 2009 .................................................................................9 1. WHALE WATCHING AND WHALING............................................................................................................................... 9 2. ADDITIONAL IFAW PROJECTS RELATED TO WHALE WATCHING .........................................................................................12 3. WHALE WATCHING AND THE INTERNATIONAL WHALING COMMISSION – A BRIEF HISTORY ..................................................17 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY....................................................................................................................................23 MAP OF THE GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION OF WHALE WATCHING COUNTRIES: .................................................................................27 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.........................................................................................................................................28 INTRODUCTION ..............................................................................................................................................29 RESEARCH METHODS...........................................................................................................................................30 LIMITATIONS......................................................................................................................................................35 GLOBAL WHALE WATCHING 2008 ...................................................................................................................36 REGIONS.........................................................................................................................................................38 AFRICA AND MIDDLE EAST..............................................................................................................................40 SUMMARY OF COUNTRY RESULTS.....................................................................................................................................42 BAHRAIN ..........................................................................................................................................................44 BENIN ..............................................................................................................................................................45 CANARY ISLANDS................................................................................................................................................47 EGYPT ..............................................................................................................................................................49 LOCAL CASE STUDY: SAMADAI REEF, EGYPT .............................................................................................................51 ERITREA............................................................................................................................................................52 GABON.............................................................................................................................................................53 GAMBIA, THE ....................................................................................................................................................54 KENYA..............................................................................................................................................................55 MADAGASCAR ...................................................................................................................................................56 LOCAL CASE STUDY: ANTONGIL BAY, MADAGASCAR ..................................................................................................58 MAURITANIA.....................................................................................................................................................60 MAURITIUS .......................................................................................................................................................61 MAYOTTE .........................................................................................................................................................62 MOROCCO ........................................................................................................................................................63 3
Page 1: Whale Watching Worldwide Tourism nu
Page 5 and 6: GEORGIA, UKRAINE AND RUSSIA - BLACK
Page 7 and 8: ST. LUCIA..........................
Page 9 and 10: Foreword: IFAW and Whale Watching 1
Page 11 and 12: Sidney Holt, at that time IFAW Scie
Page 13 and 14: Australia, New Zealand and the Sout
Page 15 and 16: watching trips started (Papastavrou
Page 17 and 18: For the past four years, IFAW has c
Page 19 and 20: • Research on the effectiveness o
Page 21 and 22: Hoyt, E. 2001. Whale Watching 2001:
Page 23 and 24: Executive Summary Ten years after t
Page 25 and 26: South America too is showing strong
Page 27 and 28: Map of the global distribution of w
Page 29 and 30: Introduction Cultures across the gl
Page 31 and 32: was achieved. Responses in many cou
Page 33 and 34: Generally in economics, ‘indirect
Page 35 and 36: February 2009 for consistency. Desp
Page 38 and 39: Regions The following section of th
Page 40 and 41: AFRICA AND MIDDLE EAST Year Number
Page 42: Summary of country results Country
Page 45 and 46: Benin Year Number of whale watchers
Page 47 and 48: Canary Islands Year Number of whale
Page 49 and 50: Egypt Year Number of whale watchers
Page 51 and 52: Local Case Study: Samadai Reef, Egy
Page 53 and 54:
Gabon Year Number of whale watchers
Page 55 and 56:
Mervyn Baldwin (Pleasuresports Gamb
Page 57 and 58:
In February 2009, political protest
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• Local people make up a signific
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Mauritius Year Number of whale watc
Page 63 and 64:
Acknowledgements: Nils Bertrand (Se
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egulation of the industry and has c
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novel Static Acoustic Monitoring te
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Main species: Large cetaceans: Bryd
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São Tomé and Príncipe Year Numbe
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Seychelles Year Number of whale wat
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Land‐based whale watching also co
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Local Case Study: Hermanus, South A
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Although the industry is clearly im
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The type of cetacean watching shows
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Croatia Year Number of whale watche
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Denmark Year Number of whale watche
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France Year Number of whale watcher
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Germany Year Number of whale watche
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Greece Year Number of whale watcher
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There is also a whale watching indu
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Main species: Large cetaceans: blue
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solved through dialogue with fisher
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Dolphin watch tours last two hours
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Monaco Year Number of whale watcher
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Main species: Large cetaceans: hump
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Main species: Large cetaceans: blue
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Neves‐Graça, K. 2004. Revisiting
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Portugal ‐ Mainland Year Number o
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Acknowledgements: Tilen Genov of Mo
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United Kingdom Year Number of whale
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Scotland Year Number of whale watch
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Wales Year Number of whale watchers
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Asia Year Number of whale watchers
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122
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Cambodia and Laos Year Number of wh
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China China (Mainland) Year Number
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expenditure figure is largely expla
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Georgia, Ukraine and Russia - Black
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Ganges River dolphin and Irrawaddy
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Whales migrate between the Pacific
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Kyushu Year Number of whale watcher
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Ogasawara, Miyakejima, Mikurajima Y
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Acknowledgements: Thanks to all eig
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Local Case Study: Japan Internation
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Maldives Year Number of whale watch
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Thanks to Brian Smith of WCS for hi
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Philippines Year Number of whale wa
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September to May. Puerto Princessa
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Sri Lanka Year Number of whale watc
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Main species: Small cetaceans: Irra
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epresents a significant average ann
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158
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Antarctica Year Number of whale wat
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Australia Year Number of whale watc
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Queensland Year Number of whale wat
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New South Wales Year Number of whal
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Victoria Year Number of whale watch
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Tasmania Year Number of whale watch
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although the management plan for th
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Main species: Large cetaceans: hump
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• It is the only known predictabl
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Main species: Tourists: Large cetac
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formal cetacean watching industry 4
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Acknowledgements: Michael Poole (Ma
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Midway Year Number of whale watcher
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Acknowledgements: Claire Garrigue a
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North Island Year Number of whale w
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Main species: Large cetaceans: sper
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Palau Year Number of whale watchers
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References: Research for this count
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References: Research for this count
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North America Year Number of whale
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200
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British Columbia Year Number of wha
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Québec Year Number of whale watche
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Nova Scotia and New Brunswick Year
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Most whale watchers in Newfoundland
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Acknowledgements: Thanks to the ope
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St. Pierre and Miquelon Year Number
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Alaska Year Number of whale watcher
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Hawaii Year Number of whale watcher
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Hawaiian Islands (Hawaii, Maui, Oah
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considerably less than those depart
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Nevertheless, the industry is undou
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With the number of boat‐based wha
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In Santa Barbara and Ventura County
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New England Year Number of whale wa
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Local Case Study: Stellwagen Bank,
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Cetacean watching in Virginia is ba
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participated in a workshop on the p
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Central America and Caribbean Year
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Summary of country results Country
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Antigua and Barbuda Year Number of
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organise dedicated land‐based act
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Bermuda Year Number of whale watche
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Costa Rica Year Number of whale wat
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neighbours, earning it the reputati
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Dominican Republic Year Number of w
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Grenada Year Number of whale watche
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Acknowledgements: Evasion Tropicale
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Jamaica Year Number of whale watche
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Maillard, J 2004, ‘Orientations R
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Panama Year Number of whale watcher
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St. Kitts and Nevis Year Number of
Page 264 and 265:
Acknowledgements: Thanks to two ope
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Turks and Caicos Islands Year Numbe
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South America Year: Number of whale
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270
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References: Hoyt, E & Iñíguez, M
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Estimated employment 62 numbers: Ma
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Main species: Large cetaceans: Bryd
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Falkland Islands (Las Malvinas) Yea
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References: Hoyt, E & Iñíguez, M
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Venezuela Year Number of whale watc
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thouands. Through the 1990s, two re
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for starting up sustainable whale w
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Bibliography Agardy, T, Aguilar, N,
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Hoyt, E 2001, ‘Whale Watching 200
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SPREP, Whale and Dolphin Action Pla
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A. Business name: B. Contact name:
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