Whale Watching Worldwide

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British Columbia Year Number of whale watchers AAGR Number of operators Direct expenditure Indirect expenditure Total expenditure 1998 285,000 N/A 47 $9,102,000 $60,027,000 $69,129,000 2008 430,600 4.2% 47 $27,105,800 $91,070,200 $118,176,000 Whale Watch Locations: 01: Victoria 02: Long Beach 03: Telegraph Cove 04: Campbell River British Columbia has a large, established whale watching industry, which has grown approximately 4.2% per year since 1998. The main on‐shore service centre is Victoria on Vancouver Island, which accounts for 70% of whale watch departures in British Colombia. There are also well‐established operations around the rest of Vancouver Island, particularly around Campbell River, the Telegraph Cove‐northeast Vancouver Island area, and the Tofino‐Ucluelet area on the west coast of Vancouver Island. There are also tours offered from the Vancouver mainland. The industry is focused on orcas, which are sighted year‐round, though less often in winter. Resident populations of Dall’s and harbour porpoises and Pacific white‐sided dolphins are also sighted fairly regularly, while a highlight of seasonal whale watching is the migrating gray whales. Up to 22,000 gray whales pass through the region between March and May. Minke whales are also a feature of the summer season. Humpback whales are also seen increasingly especially off northern Vancouver Island. The majority of the trips in British Colombia are boat‐based day or half‐day trips viewing gray whales in season (peak migration in March to April, along with summer residents), minke and humpbacks in northern summer and orcas and smaller cetaceans at other times (best seen in April to September, but are present year round). Many of these tours feature guides and educational content. More than 80% of estimated participants go for whale watching in the Canadian US transboundary waters of Haro Strait, with departures not only from Victoria, but also from Richmond (mainland) and Cowichan Bay (north of Victoria). Live‐ aboard trips, sometimes in excess of a week are also offered, following the Pacific Coast, sometimes continuing up to Alaska. These live‐aboard trips can cost thousands of dollars and their contribution to direct expenditure has been calculated depending on the extent to which whales and dolphins feature in promotional material and trip itineraries, typically around 10%. Land‐based whale watching is also popular along the west coast of Vancouver Island on the Long Beach area, from the Pacific Rim Trail or Radar Hill, just south of Tofino. The annual northward migration of gray whales through the Pacific Rim National Park begins in late February and continues until the end of May. The communities of Tofino, Ucluelet and the Pacific Rim National Park hold the Pacific Rim Whale festival between 14th and 22nd March annually. The festival has family events such as the ‘Tug‐O‐Whale’ and the ‘Annual Chowder Chowdown’, as well as lectures and, of course, whale watching. The gray whale migration is estimated to attract up to 90,000 land‐based whale watchers to the region annually. Like other areas in Canada and elsewhere with large, long‐running whale watch industries, concerns have been raised about the impact of whale watching on whales themselves. Disturbance by vessels, along with 202
food shortages and water pollution, could be placing the sustainability of the industry at risk. While industry standards are in place through the ‘Be Whale Wise’ programme, and commercial boats are generally aware of and follow the guidelines, recreational boat owners are not as well informed, and increasing education amongst these boat owners about wildlife viewing etiquette remains a priority. (Ford et al., 2000 and Trites & Bain, 2000). Main species: Large cetaceans: humpback whale, gray whale, minke whale Small cetaceans: Pacific white‐sided dolphin, Dall’s porpoise, harbour porpoise, orca Tourists: International 60% Domestic 40% Types of tours: Mainly boat‐based half‐day trips. Multiple‐ day whale watching and nature cruises are also a significant part of the market Average adult ticket price: $114 Estimated employment 200 numbers: Main whale watch season: April to October Acknowledgements: Northwest Whale Watchers Association, Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO), Adam Hellicar, Alan McGillvray, Cedric Towers, Tourism Vancouver, Tourism BC and all the whale watch operators that responded to the survey References: Be Whale Wise, www.bewhalewise.org Ford, JKB, Ellis, GM, Balcomb, KC 2000, ‘Killer whales: The natural history and genealogy of Orcinus orca in British Columbia and Washington State’, Second Edition. UBC Press, Vancouver. North Western Whale Watchers Association, www.nwwhalewatchers.org Pacific Rim Whale Festival, www.pacificrimwhalefestival.org Parks Canada, Marine Wildlife viewing Proposed Southern Strait of Georgia NMCA reserve, Travel British Columbia, accessed December, 2008, available online at: http://au.britishcolumbia.travel/en‐ CA/SightsActivitiesEvents/NaturalSightsParksWildlife/WhaleWatching/VancouverIsland.htm Trites, AW, Bain, DE 2000, ‘Short and Long term Effects of Whale Watching on Killer Whales (Orcinus orca) in British Columbia’, University of British Columbia, Vancouver B.C. and Six Flags Marine World Vallejo, Vallejo, Ca. 203
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Whale Watching Worldwide Tourism nu
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Whale Watching Worldwide: Tourism n
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GEORGIA, UKRAINE AND RUSSIA - BLACK
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ST. LUCIA..........................
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Foreword: IFAW and Whale Watching 1
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Sidney Holt, at that time IFAW Scie
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Australia, New Zealand and the Sout
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watching trips started (Papastavrou
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For the past four years, IFAW has c
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• Research on the effectiveness o
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Hoyt, E. 2001. Whale Watching 2001:
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Executive Summary Ten years after t
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South America too is showing strong
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Map of the global distribution of w
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Introduction Cultures across the gl
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was achieved. Responses in many cou
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Generally in economics, ‘indirect
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February 2009 for consistency. Desp
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Regions The following section of th
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AFRICA AND MIDDLE EAST Year Number
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Summary of country results Country
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Benin Year Number of whale watchers
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Canary Islands Year Number of whale
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Egypt Year Number of whale watchers
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Local Case Study: Samadai Reef, Egy
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Gabon Year Number of whale watchers
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Mervyn Baldwin (Pleasuresports Gamb
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In February 2009, political protest
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• Local people make up a signific
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Mauritius Year Number of whale watc
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Acknowledgements: Nils Bertrand (Se
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egulation of the industry and has c
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novel Static Acoustic Monitoring te
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Main species: Large cetaceans: Bryd
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São Tomé and Príncipe Year Numbe
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Seychelles Year Number of whale wat
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Land‐based whale watching also co
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Local Case Study: Hermanus, South A
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Although the industry is clearly im
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The type of cetacean watching shows
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Croatia Year Number of whale watche
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Denmark Year Number of whale watche
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France Year Number of whale watcher
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Germany Year Number of whale watche
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Greece Year Number of whale watcher
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There is also a whale watching indu
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Main species: Large cetaceans: blue
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solved through dialogue with fisher
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Dolphin watch tours last two hours
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Monaco Year Number of whale watcher
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Main species: Large cetaceans: hump
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Main species: Large cetaceans: blue
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Neves‐Graça, K. 2004. Revisiting
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Portugal ‐ Mainland Year Number o
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Acknowledgements: Tilen Genov of Mo
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United Kingdom Year Number of whale
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Scotland Year Number of whale watch
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Wales Year Number of whale watchers
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Asia Year Number of whale watchers
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122
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Cambodia and Laos Year Number of wh
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China China (Mainland) Year Number
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expenditure figure is largely expla
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Georgia, Ukraine and Russia - Black
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Ganges River dolphin and Irrawaddy
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Whales migrate between the Pacific
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Kyushu Year Number of whale watcher
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Ogasawara, Miyakejima, Mikurajima Y
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Acknowledgements: Thanks to all eig
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Local Case Study: Japan Internation
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Maldives Year Number of whale watch
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Thanks to Brian Smith of WCS for hi
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Philippines Year Number of whale wa
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September to May. Puerto Princessa
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Page 160 and 161: Antarctica Year Number of whale wat
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Page 164 and 165: Queensland Year Number of whale wat
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Page 172 and 173: although the management plan for th
Page 174 and 175: Main species: Large cetaceans: hump
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Page 180 and 181: formal cetacean watching industry 4
Page 182 and 183: Acknowledgements: Michael Poole (Ma
Page 184 and 185: Midway Year Number of whale watcher
Page 186 and 187: Acknowledgements: Claire Garrigue a
Page 188 and 189: North Island Year Number of whale w
Page 190 and 191: Main species: Large cetaceans: sper
Page 192 and 193: Palau Year Number of whale watchers
Page 194 and 195: References: Research for this count
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Page 198 and 199: North America Year Number of whale
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Page 204 and 205: Québec Year Number of whale watche
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Page 216 and 217: Hawaii Year Number of whale watcher
Page 218 and 219: Hawaiian Islands (Hawaii, Maui, Oah
Page 220 and 221: considerably less than those depart
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Page 238 and 239: Summary of country results Country
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Grenada Year Number of whale watche
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Acknowledgements: Evasion Tropicale
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Jamaica Year Number of whale watche
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Maillard, J 2004, ‘Orientations R
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Panama Year Number of whale watcher
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St. Kitts and Nevis Year Number of
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Acknowledgements: Thanks to two ope
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Turks and Caicos Islands Year Numbe
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South America Year: Number of whale
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270
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References: Hoyt, E & Iñíguez, M
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Estimated employment 62 numbers: Ma
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Main species: Large cetaceans: Bryd
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Falkland Islands (Las Malvinas) Yea
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References: Hoyt, E & Iñíguez, M
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Venezuela Year Number of whale watc
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thouands. Through the 1990s, two re
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for starting up sustainable whale w
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Bibliography Agardy, T, Aguilar, N,
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Hoyt, E 2001, ‘Whale Watching 200
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SPREP, Whale and Dolphin Action Pla
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A. Business name: B. Contact name:
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Whale Watching Worldwide

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