Whale Watching Worldwide

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Venezuela Year Number of whale watchers AAGR Number of operators Direct expenditure Indirect expenditure Total expenditure 1991 Minimal N/A Minimal Minimal Minimal Minimal 1994 Minimal N/A Minimal Minimal Minimal Minimal 1998 Minimal N/A Minimal Minimal Minimal Minimal 2006 9,757 58.1% 130 $240,034 $758,625 $998,659 Capital City: Caracas Whale Watch Locations: 01: Mochima National Park 02: Margarita Island 03: Puerto la Cruz Venezuela has tours that include dolphin and occasional large whale watching in many areas of its broad coastline and inland water courses – from the Caribbean coast, Amazon and Orinoco basins to Lake Maracaibo and the Gulf of Venezuela. The most popular location for dolphin watching is Mochima, a national park on the Caribbean coast in the northeast of the country. Over 5,000 tourists, mainly domestic, take part in small boat tours to see long‐beaked common dolphins and occasionally Bryde’s whales in this region. Other larger locations include El Guamache, Margarita Island and Lechería, Puerto la Cruz, Anzoátegui State. Nature cruises in the Amazon basin and Orinoco also sometimes encounter cetaceans. Main species: Large cetaceans: Bryde's whale Small cetaceans: bottlenose dolphin, long‐beaked common dolphin, Atlantic spotted dolphin, tucuxi Tourists: International Domestic Mainly domestic Types of tours: Boat‐based nature trips. Some dedicated, some opportunistic watching Average adult ticket price: $12 at Mochima, the most popular location. Estimated employment 173 numbers: Main whale watch season: November to February References: Hoyt, E & Iñíguez, M 2008, ‘The State of Whale Watching in Latin America’, WDCS, Chippenham, UK; IFAW, Yarmouth Port, USA; and Global Ocean, London, 60 pp.. 282
Afterword by Erich Hoyt Erich Hoyt is Research Fellow with the Whale and Dolphin Conservation Society and leads their Critical Habitat/ Marine Protected Areas work. He is author of 17 books and some 500 articles, papers and reports. His work for IFAW includes the widely cited Whale Watching 2001, as well as contributions to a number of other key whale watch workshops and reports. He is a member of the IUCN Species Survival Commission’s Cetacean Specialist Group as well as the IUCN High Seas MPA Task Force. Everything that you have read so far — the detailed accounts of 13 million people spending $2.1 billion dollars in 119 countries — goes back to a small fishing boat off the southern California coast in 1955. Imagine the scene. In the low light of winter off San Diego harbour, a huge, spouting, air‐sucking mammal approaches the boat. It is longer, larger, grander in every way than anything the fisherman has ever seen. Wait! Two of them, a calf in tow breaks the surface. There is nothing the fisherman can do but sit there and watch, wait and listen as they swim past. Later that evening, glowing from the day, the man makes a sign and the next day hangs it on his boat on the wharf in the harbour: ‘See the whales — $1’. With this action of a putting value on seeing a whale, fisherman Chuck Chamberlin started something. More than 50 years later, we are still considering the implications of his actions. What are the benefits — and the costs — of putting a monetary value on a wildlife experience? How did the global industry of whale watching get from a small fishing boat off the California coast to where we are today, and where will it go next? Can whale watching contribute to saving whales and protecting the sea? Reading the 119 country and territory accounts in this report, I can’t help but recall the whale watch experiences that I have had over the years in some 40 countries. Everything from the eye‐popping sight of short‐finned pilot whales swimming underwater against the backdrop of a coral reef and peering up at us through a glass‐bottom boat to smelling the krill‐laden breaths of seven 80‐foot blue whales all around us in the North Atlantic as they turn their fire‐hose spouts on the sky. Yet illuminating and equally relevant to this report are the many discussions and arguments about whale watching I have heard. I will never forget: • the tour boat operator who wondered whether there would ever be any whale watching in Europe; it started much later than in North America, but today there are more than 800,000 people a year watching in European waters; • the young fisherman in Baja, México, in the early 1980s who asked if there was enough of a future in gray whale watching to risk buying a small boat; he did and he’s still in business today with a strong sense of pride about his country’s legacy of whale watching and marine protection; • the student in Japan who desperately wanted to meet dolphins but was sure that this would never be possible in a whaling and dolphin‐hunting country — whale and dolphin watching is now a regular occurrence in more than 20 Japanese communities, and it’s growing; the student is now a member of a ‘dolphin club’; and • the minke whaler I met in Iceland in 1996 who when told that 2000 people were paying to watch local whales said ‘it’s just a fad — ‘whaling watching’ would probably be more popular.’ For the record, whale watching in Iceland now attracts annually more than 100,000 participants, with 1 in 8 visitors to the country going whale watching, a business worth nearly $17 million dollars a year. In my 1984 book The Whale Watcher’s Handbook (Penguin/Doubleday, New York) only 12 countries could claim whale watching activities, and the total numbers of whale watchers then were in the low tens of 283
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Whale Watching Worldwide Tourism nu
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Whale Watching Worldwide: Tourism n
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GEORGIA, UKRAINE AND RUSSIA - BLACK
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ST. LUCIA..........................
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Foreword: IFAW and Whale Watching 1
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Sidney Holt, at that time IFAW Scie
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Australia, New Zealand and the Sout
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watching trips started (Papastavrou
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For the past four years, IFAW has c
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• Research on the effectiveness o
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Hoyt, E. 2001. Whale Watching 2001:
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Executive Summary Ten years after t
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South America too is showing strong
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Map of the global distribution of w
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Introduction Cultures across the gl
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was achieved. Responses in many cou
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Generally in economics, ‘indirect
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February 2009 for consistency. Desp
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Regions The following section of th
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AFRICA AND MIDDLE EAST Year Number
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Summary of country results Country
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Benin Year Number of whale watchers
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Canary Islands Year Number of whale
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Egypt Year Number of whale watchers
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Local Case Study: Samadai Reef, Egy
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Gabon Year Number of whale watchers
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Mervyn Baldwin (Pleasuresports Gamb
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In February 2009, political protest
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• Local people make up a signific
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Mauritius Year Number of whale watc
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Acknowledgements: Nils Bertrand (Se
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egulation of the industry and has c
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novel Static Acoustic Monitoring te
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Main species: Large cetaceans: Bryd
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São Tomé and Príncipe Year Numbe
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Seychelles Year Number of whale wat
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Land‐based whale watching also co
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Local Case Study: Hermanus, South A
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Although the industry is clearly im
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The type of cetacean watching shows
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Croatia Year Number of whale watche
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Denmark Year Number of whale watche
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France Year Number of whale watcher
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Germany Year Number of whale watche
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Greece Year Number of whale watcher
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There is also a whale watching indu
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Main species: Large cetaceans: blue
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solved through dialogue with fisher
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Dolphin watch tours last two hours
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Monaco Year Number of whale watcher
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Main species: Large cetaceans: hump
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Main species: Large cetaceans: blue
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Neves‐Graça, K. 2004. Revisiting
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Portugal ‐ Mainland Year Number o
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Acknowledgements: Tilen Genov of Mo
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United Kingdom Year Number of whale
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Scotland Year Number of whale watch
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Wales Year Number of whale watchers
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Asia Year Number of whale watchers
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122
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Cambodia and Laos Year Number of wh
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China China (Mainland) Year Number
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expenditure figure is largely expla
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Georgia, Ukraine and Russia - Black
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Ganges River dolphin and Irrawaddy
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Whales migrate between the Pacific
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Kyushu Year Number of whale watcher
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Ogasawara, Miyakejima, Mikurajima Y
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Acknowledgements: Thanks to all eig
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Local Case Study: Japan Internation
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Maldives Year Number of whale watch
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Thanks to Brian Smith of WCS for hi
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Philippines Year Number of whale wa
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September to May. Puerto Princessa
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Sri Lanka Year Number of whale watc
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Main species: Small cetaceans: Irra
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epresents a significant average ann
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Antarctica Year Number of whale wat
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Australia Year Number of whale watc
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Queensland Year Number of whale wat
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New South Wales Year Number of whal
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Victoria Year Number of whale watch
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Tasmania Year Number of whale watch
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although the management plan for th
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Main species: Large cetaceans: hump
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• It is the only known predictabl
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Main species: Tourists: Large cetac
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formal cetacean watching industry 4
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Acknowledgements: Michael Poole (Ma
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Midway Year Number of whale watcher
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Acknowledgements: Claire Garrigue a
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North Island Year Number of whale w
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Main species: Large cetaceans: sper
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Palau Year Number of whale watchers
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References: Research for this count
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References: Research for this count
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North America Year Number of whale
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200
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British Columbia Year Number of wha
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Québec Year Number of whale watche
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Nova Scotia and New Brunswick Year
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Most whale watchers in Newfoundland
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Acknowledgements: Thanks to the ope
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St. Pierre and Miquelon Year Number
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Alaska Year Number of whale watcher
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Hawaii Year Number of whale watcher
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Hawaiian Islands (Hawaii, Maui, Oah
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considerably less than those depart
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Nevertheless, the industry is undou
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With the number of boat‐based wha
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In Santa Barbara and Ventura County
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New England Year Number of whale wa
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Local Case Study: Stellwagen Bank,
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Page 238 and 239: Summary of country results Country
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Page 244 and 245: Bermuda Year Number of whale watche
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Page 254 and 255: Acknowledgements: Evasion Tropicale
Page 256 and 257: Jamaica Year Number of whale watche
Page 258 and 259: Maillard, J 2004, ‘Orientations R
Page 260 and 261: Panama Year Number of whale watcher
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Page 264 and 265: Acknowledgements: Thanks to two ope
Page 266 and 267: Turks and Caicos Islands Year Numbe
Page 268 and 269: South America Year: Number of whale
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Page 272 and 273: References: Hoyt, E & Iñíguez, M
Page 274 and 275: Estimated employment 62 numbers: Ma
Page 276 and 277: Main species: Large cetaceans: Bryd
Page 278 and 279: Falkland Islands (Las Malvinas) Yea
Page 280 and 281: References: Hoyt, E & Iñíguez, M
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Page 288 and 289: Bibliography Agardy, T, Aguilar, N,
Page 290 and 291: Hoyt, E 2001, ‘Whale Watching 200
Page 292 and 293: SPREP, Whale and Dolphin Action Pla
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