Whale Watching Worldwide

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epresents a significant average annual growth rate of just under 10% per annum since 1998. Across the entire region, the industry is responsible for over $300 million in expenditures, up from $123 million in 1998. For this section of the report, we have used additional data from reports undertaken over the last five years by Economists at Large for the Oceania region – New Zealand, Australia, Tonga and the Pacific Islands have all been researched as part of separate reports for IFAW. 27 For the Pacific Islands, a recent report was released in 2008 that looked at the industry in 2005. We have drawn on this for the figures produced in this report, in many cases replicating those earlier figures (where whale watching was a low level activity). In some cases, we have projected a growth trend forward from the 2005 figures based on country tourism arrival data combined with most recent growth rates in whale watch tourism. Where this has occurred, it has been noted in the country summary below. For the major Pacific Islands, where most of the whale watch activity occurs, discussion with local country contacts assisted to ascertain the rate of change since the 2005 data was gathered. Where any growth projections are estimated (from 2005‐2008), we have based these on a conservative figure of 2.4% annual average growth rate of international inbound tourism. This figure is reported by the UN World Tourism Organisation as the average rate of growth across the Oceania region for 2000‐04 (most recent data available). The same rate of growth has been applied to expenditure levels. In the case of Australia and New Zealand, entirely new surveys have been completed for this report in order to gather the most up‐to‐date data on these countries, due to the significant size of their respective industries. We have also covered whale watchers to Antarctica for the first time since IFAW’s 1998 global study, and Guam has been totally re‐researched as it has such a significant proportion of the whale watching tourism in the Pacific Islands region. For the countries of American Samoa, the Cook Islands, the Federated States of Micronesia, Fiji, French Polynesia, New Caledonia, Niue, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Samoa and the Solomon Islands, some research is also derived from an unpublished early version of the Pacific Islands whale watching report from August 2006. Acknowledgments: Thanks go out to many people who have been generous with their time for this and previous work Economists at Large have undertaken in the Oceania region in the last five years. In particular, Darren Kindleysides and Olive Andrews from IFAW, Claire Garrigue and Aline Schaffer from Opération Cétacés, Mike Donoghue from the New Zealand Department of Conservation, and Mark Orams among many others. 27 Economists at Large 2008, Pacific Islands Whale Watch Tourism: a region wide review of activity an IFAW report; Economists at Large 2008, Whale Watching Tourism in the Kingdom of Tonga, a report for IFAW and Opérations Cétacés; Economists at Large 2005, The Growth of Whale Watching in Sydney 2003‐2004: Economic Perspectives, an IFAW Report; Economists at Large, 2005, The Growth of the New Zealand Whale Watching Industry, an IFAW Report; Economists at Large 2004, From Whalers to Whale Watchers: the growth of whale watching tourism in Australia, an IFAW report. 156
Summary of country results Country Number of whale watchers Growth between 1998 and 2008 1998 2008 AAGR American Samoa Minimal Minimal 0% Antarctica 2,503 45,520 33.7% Australia 734,962 1,635,374 8.3% Cook Islands Minimal 3,989 31.9% Federated States of Micronesia 230 Minimal 0% Fiji Minimal Minimal 0% French Polynesia Minimal 6,442 38.4% Guam 4,000 221,155 49.4% Midway 289 Minimal 0% New Caledonia 1,695 6,222 13.9% New Zealand 230,000 546,445 9% Niue 50 290 19.2% Palau Minimal Minimal 0% Papua New Guinea Minimal 644 9.9% Samoa Minimal 778 12% Solomon Islands Minimal 537 7.9% Tonga 2,334 9,804 15.4% REGIONAL TOTAL 976,063 2,477,200 9.8% NB: Where an industry had ‘None’ or ‘Minimal’ for whale watchers in 1998, a figure of 250 has been used to calculate AAGR. 157
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Whale Watching Worldwide Tourism nu
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Whale Watching Worldwide: Tourism n
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GEORGIA, UKRAINE AND RUSSIA - BLACK
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ST. LUCIA..........................
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Foreword: IFAW and Whale Watching 1
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Sidney Holt, at that time IFAW Scie
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Australia, New Zealand and the Sout
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watching trips started (Papastavrou
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For the past four years, IFAW has c
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• Research on the effectiveness o
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Hoyt, E. 2001. Whale Watching 2001:
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Executive Summary Ten years after t
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South America too is showing strong
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Map of the global distribution of w
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Introduction Cultures across the gl
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was achieved. Responses in many cou
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Generally in economics, ‘indirect
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February 2009 for consistency. Desp
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Regions The following section of th
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AFRICA AND MIDDLE EAST Year Number
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Summary of country results Country
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Benin Year Number of whale watchers
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Canary Islands Year Number of whale
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Egypt Year Number of whale watchers
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Local Case Study: Samadai Reef, Egy
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Gabon Year Number of whale watchers
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Mervyn Baldwin (Pleasuresports Gamb
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In February 2009, political protest
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• Local people make up a signific
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Mauritius Year Number of whale watc
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Acknowledgements: Nils Bertrand (Se
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egulation of the industry and has c
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novel Static Acoustic Monitoring te
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Main species: Large cetaceans: Bryd
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São Tomé and Príncipe Year Numbe
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Seychelles Year Number of whale wat
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Land‐based whale watching also co
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Local Case Study: Hermanus, South A
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Although the industry is clearly im
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The type of cetacean watching shows
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Croatia Year Number of whale watche
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Denmark Year Number of whale watche
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France Year Number of whale watcher
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Germany Year Number of whale watche
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Greece Year Number of whale watcher
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There is also a whale watching indu
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Main species: Large cetaceans: blue
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solved through dialogue with fisher
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Dolphin watch tours last two hours
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Monaco Year Number of whale watcher
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Main species: Large cetaceans: hump
Page 106 and 107: Main species: Large cetaceans: blue
Page 108 and 109: Neves‐Graça, K. 2004. Revisiting
Page 110 and 111: Portugal ‐ Mainland Year Number o
Page 112 and 113: Acknowledgements: Tilen Genov of Mo
Page 114 and 115: United Kingdom Year Number of whale
Page 116 and 117: Scotland Year Number of whale watch
Page 118 and 119: Wales Year Number of whale watchers
Page 120 and 121: Asia Year Number of whale watchers
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Page 124 and 125: Cambodia and Laos Year Number of wh
Page 126 and 127: China China (Mainland) Year Number
Page 128 and 129: expenditure figure is largely expla
Page 130 and 131: Georgia, Ukraine and Russia - Black
Page 132 and 133: Ganges River dolphin and Irrawaddy
Page 134 and 135: Whales migrate between the Pacific
Page 136 and 137: Kyushu Year Number of whale watcher
Page 138 and 139: Ogasawara, Miyakejima, Mikurajima Y
Page 140 and 141: Acknowledgements: Thanks to all eig
Page 142 and 143: Local Case Study: Japan Internation
Page 144 and 145: Maldives Year Number of whale watch
Page 146 and 147: Thanks to Brian Smith of WCS for hi
Page 148 and 149: Philippines Year Number of whale wa
Page 150 and 151: September to May. Puerto Princessa
Page 152 and 153: Sri Lanka Year Number of whale watc
Page 154 and 155: Main species: Small cetaceans: Irra
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Page 160 and 161: Antarctica Year Number of whale wat
Page 162 and 163: Australia Year Number of whale watc
Page 164 and 165: Queensland Year Number of whale wat
Page 166 and 167: New South Wales Year Number of whal
Page 168 and 169: Victoria Year Number of whale watch
Page 170 and 171: Tasmania Year Number of whale watch
Page 172 and 173: although the management plan for th
Page 174 and 175: Main species: Large cetaceans: hump
Page 176 and 177: • It is the only known predictabl
Page 178 and 179: Main species: Tourists: Large cetac
Page 180 and 181: formal cetacean watching industry 4
Page 182 and 183: Acknowledgements: Michael Poole (Ma
Page 184 and 185: Midway Year Number of whale watcher
Page 186 and 187: Acknowledgements: Claire Garrigue a
Page 188 and 189: North Island Year Number of whale w
Page 190 and 191: Main species: Large cetaceans: sper
Page 192 and 193: Palau Year Number of whale watchers
Page 194 and 195: References: Research for this count
Page 196 and 197: References: Research for this count
Page 198 and 199: North America Year Number of whale
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Page 202 and 203: British Columbia Year Number of wha
Page 204 and 205: Québec Year Number of whale watche
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Nova Scotia and New Brunswick Year
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Most whale watchers in Newfoundland
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Acknowledgements: Thanks to the ope
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St. Pierre and Miquelon Year Number
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Alaska Year Number of whale watcher
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Hawaii Year Number of whale watcher
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Hawaiian Islands (Hawaii, Maui, Oah
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considerably less than those depart
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Nevertheless, the industry is undou
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With the number of boat‐based wha
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In Santa Barbara and Ventura County
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New England Year Number of whale wa
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Local Case Study: Stellwagen Bank,
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Cetacean watching in Virginia is ba
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participated in a workshop on the p
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Central America and Caribbean Year
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Summary of country results Country
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Antigua and Barbuda Year Number of
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organise dedicated land‐based act
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Bermuda Year Number of whale watche
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Costa Rica Year Number of whale wat
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neighbours, earning it the reputati
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Dominican Republic Year Number of w
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Grenada Year Number of whale watche
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Acknowledgements: Evasion Tropicale
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Jamaica Year Number of whale watche
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Maillard, J 2004, ‘Orientations R
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Panama Year Number of whale watcher
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St. Kitts and Nevis Year Number of
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Acknowledgements: Thanks to two ope
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Turks and Caicos Islands Year Numbe
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South America Year: Number of whale
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270
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References: Hoyt, E & Iñíguez, M
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Estimated employment 62 numbers: Ma
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Main species: Large cetaceans: Bryd
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Falkland Islands (Las Malvinas) Yea
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References: Hoyt, E & Iñíguez, M
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Venezuela Year Number of whale watc
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thouands. Through the 1990s, two re
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for starting up sustainable whale w
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Bibliography Agardy, T, Aguilar, N,
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Hoyt, E 2001, ‘Whale Watching 200
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SPREP, Whale and Dolphin Action Pla
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A. Business name: B. Contact name:
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Whale Watching Worldwide

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