Whale Watching Worldwide

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Scotland Year Number of whale watchers AAGR Number of operators Direct expenditure Indirect expenditure Total expenditure 1991 400 N/A 1 $43,000 $287,000 $330,000 1994 15,000 235% 3 $1,380,000 $9,120,000 $10,500,000 1998 99,000 60% 8 $1,622,000 $6,347,000 $7,046,000 2008 223,941 8.5% 51 $4,927,388 $13,315,814 $18,243,202 Capital City: Edinburgh Whale Watch Locations: 01: Inverness 02: John O’Groats 03: Oban 04: Gairloch 05: Chanonry Point, Moray Firth Scotland, together with Iceland, possesses one of the most well established whale watching industries in Europe. Since the last census in 1998, the number of tourists has almost doubled, equating to an annual average growth of 8.5% over the last 10 years. However, it has to be mentioned that most operators offer marine cruises or ‘sea‐faris’, where whale and dolphin sighting is a complementary attraction together with bird, seal and nature watching activities, rather than dedicated whale watching tours. Out of 46 sea‐based whale watching operators, only 12 are classified as dedicated running cruises focused purely on cetaceans. Five operators in Scotland are land‐based. The industry is focused on the west coast of Scotland, mainly in the Hebrides Islands, using Oban as departure point to sail around the Isle of Mull, Isle of Iona, Rhum, Eigg, Treshnish Isles and Staffa; and Gairloch and Kyle of Lochalsh to the Isle of Skye and Isle of Lewis. The west coast accounts for approximately 55‐60% of total visitors. In the north, Moray Firth and the Orkney Islands account for approximately 35‐40% of the whale watching activities, using Inverness and John O’Groats as departing points. These estimates come from local operator data and local tourism organisations. Land‐based cetacean watching is heavily focused on Chanonry Point, Moray Firth. According to local estimates, these areas can attract more than 20,000 dedicated participants a year. The Isle of Mull and North Berwick also represent an important focus of attraction for land‐based dolphin watchers, as well as having the added attraction of an occasional minke whale sighting. On average, whale watching trips run for approximately three to four hours out from the coastal ports. The average adult ticket price per trip is $43. Six operators offer multiple‐day whale/dolphin watch trips (four day, six day or 12 day trips), complemented with fishing, diving, nature and cultural cruises. Operators running these extended trips are considered opportunistic operators in this report. The species sighted are mainly small cetaceans – the harbour porpoise and bottlenose dolphin. There is a regular presence of basking sharks on the west coast, but these are not included in this study as they are not cetacean species. Minke whales are also regularly seen. Short‐beaked common dolphins and Risso’s dolphins are also occasionally seen. 116
Whale tourism is an important activity for Oban on the mainland, along with Tobermory, Fionnphort and Dervaig in Isle de Mull and Inverness and Cromarty close to the Moray Firth. The main whale watching season runs from April to October. However, some land‐based operators offer tours all year round. Main species: Large cetaceans: minke whale Small cetaceans: bottlenose dolphin, harbour porpoise Tourists: International 30% Domestic 70% Types of tours: Boat‐based, land‐based, dedicated, opportunistic, short trips, multiple‐day trips Average adult ticket price: $43 Estimated employment 132 numbers: Main whale watch season: April to October Acknowledgements: Andrew Jackson of Ardnamurchan Charters, Natalie Ward of Hebridean Whale and Dolphin Trust, David Woodhouse of Isle of Mull Wildlife Expeditions, Christopher Swann of Oceanus Ltd, Nigel W Smith of Seaprobe Atlantis, Sealife Adventures, Richard Fairbairns of Sealife Surveys, Murray Macleod of Sea Trek, Lorna Bruce of Visitscotland, Caroline Warburton of Wild Scotland, Chris Lindsay of Corryvreckan Cruising Ltd, Lynda Dalgleish of Scottish Seabird Centre, Deborah Benham of Dolphin Space Programme and Whale and Dolphin Conservation Society, Bill Taylor and Colin Speedie from the Wise Scheme. 117
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Whale Watching Worldwide Tourism nu
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Whale Watching Worldwide: Tourism n
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GEORGIA, UKRAINE AND RUSSIA - BLACK
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ST. LUCIA..........................
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Foreword: IFAW and Whale Watching 1
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Sidney Holt, at that time IFAW Scie
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Australia, New Zealand and the Sout
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watching trips started (Papastavrou
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For the past four years, IFAW has c
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• Research on the effectiveness o
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Hoyt, E. 2001. Whale Watching 2001:
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Executive Summary Ten years after t
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South America too is showing strong
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Map of the global distribution of w
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Introduction Cultures across the gl
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was achieved. Responses in many cou
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Generally in economics, ‘indirect
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February 2009 for consistency. Desp
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Regions The following section of th
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AFRICA AND MIDDLE EAST Year Number
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Summary of country results Country
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Benin Year Number of whale watchers
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Canary Islands Year Number of whale
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Egypt Year Number of whale watchers
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Local Case Study: Samadai Reef, Egy
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Gabon Year Number of whale watchers
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Mervyn Baldwin (Pleasuresports Gamb
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In February 2009, political protest
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• Local people make up a signific
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Mauritius Year Number of whale watc
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Acknowledgements: Nils Bertrand (Se
Page 65 and 66: egulation of the industry and has c
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Page 69 and 70: Main species: Large cetaceans: Bryd
Page 71 and 72: São Tomé and Príncipe Year Numbe
Page 73 and 74: Seychelles Year Number of whale wat
Page 75 and 76: Land‐based whale watching also co
Page 77 and 78: Local Case Study: Hermanus, South A
Page 79 and 80: Although the industry is clearly im
Page 81 and 82: The type of cetacean watching shows
Page 84 and 85: Croatia Year Number of whale watche
Page 86 and 87: Denmark Year Number of whale watche
Page 88 and 89: France Year Number of whale watcher
Page 90 and 91: Germany Year Number of whale watche
Page 92 and 93: Greece Year Number of whale watcher
Page 94 and 95: There is also a whale watching indu
Page 96 and 97: Main species: Large cetaceans: blue
Page 98 and 99: solved through dialogue with fisher
Page 100 and 101: Dolphin watch tours last two hours
Page 102 and 103: Monaco Year Number of whale watcher
Page 104 and 105: Main species: Large cetaceans: hump
Page 106 and 107: Main species: Large cetaceans: blue
Page 108 and 109: Neves‐Graça, K. 2004. Revisiting
Page 110 and 111: Portugal ‐ Mainland Year Number o
Page 112 and 113: Acknowledgements: Tilen Genov of Mo
Page 114 and 115: United Kingdom Year Number of whale
Page 118 and 119: Wales Year Number of whale watchers
Page 120 and 121: Asia Year Number of whale watchers
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Page 124 and 125: Cambodia and Laos Year Number of wh
Page 126 and 127: China China (Mainland) Year Number
Page 128 and 129: expenditure figure is largely expla
Page 130 and 131: Georgia, Ukraine and Russia - Black
Page 132 and 133: Ganges River dolphin and Irrawaddy
Page 134 and 135: Whales migrate between the Pacific
Page 136 and 137: Kyushu Year Number of whale watcher
Page 138 and 139: Ogasawara, Miyakejima, Mikurajima Y
Page 140 and 141: Acknowledgements: Thanks to all eig
Page 142 and 143: Local Case Study: Japan Internation
Page 144 and 145: Maldives Year Number of whale watch
Page 146 and 147: Thanks to Brian Smith of WCS for hi
Page 148 and 149: Philippines Year Number of whale wa
Page 150 and 151: September to May. Puerto Princessa
Page 152 and 153: Sri Lanka Year Number of whale watc
Page 154 and 155: Main species: Small cetaceans: Irra
Page 156 and 157: epresents a significant average ann
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Page 160 and 161: Antarctica Year Number of whale wat
Page 162 and 163: Australia Year Number of whale watc
Page 164 and 165: Queensland Year Number of whale wat
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New South Wales Year Number of whal
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Victoria Year Number of whale watch
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Tasmania Year Number of whale watch
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although the management plan for th
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Main species: Large cetaceans: hump
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• It is the only known predictabl
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Main species: Tourists: Large cetac
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formal cetacean watching industry 4
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Acknowledgements: Michael Poole (Ma
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Midway Year Number of whale watcher
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Acknowledgements: Claire Garrigue a
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North Island Year Number of whale w
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Main species: Large cetaceans: sper
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Palau Year Number of whale watchers
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References: Research for this count
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References: Research for this count
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North America Year Number of whale
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200
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British Columbia Year Number of wha
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Québec Year Number of whale watche
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Nova Scotia and New Brunswick Year
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Most whale watchers in Newfoundland
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Acknowledgements: Thanks to the ope
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St. Pierre and Miquelon Year Number
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Alaska Year Number of whale watcher
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Hawaii Year Number of whale watcher
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Hawaiian Islands (Hawaii, Maui, Oah
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considerably less than those depart
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Nevertheless, the industry is undou
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With the number of boat‐based wha
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In Santa Barbara and Ventura County
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New England Year Number of whale wa
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Local Case Study: Stellwagen Bank,
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Cetacean watching in Virginia is ba
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participated in a workshop on the p
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Central America and Caribbean Year
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Summary of country results Country
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Antigua and Barbuda Year Number of
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organise dedicated land‐based act
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Bermuda Year Number of whale watche
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Costa Rica Year Number of whale wat
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neighbours, earning it the reputati
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Dominican Republic Year Number of w
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Grenada Year Number of whale watche
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Acknowledgements: Evasion Tropicale
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Jamaica Year Number of whale watche
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Maillard, J 2004, ‘Orientations R
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Panama Year Number of whale watcher
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St. Kitts and Nevis Year Number of
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Acknowledgements: Thanks to two ope
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Turks and Caicos Islands Year Numbe
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South America Year: Number of whale
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270
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References: Hoyt, E & Iñíguez, M
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Estimated employment 62 numbers: Ma
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Main species: Large cetaceans: Bryd
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Falkland Islands (Las Malvinas) Yea
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References: Hoyt, E & Iñíguez, M
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Venezuela Year Number of whale watc
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thouands. Through the 1990s, two re
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for starting up sustainable whale w
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Bibliography Agardy, T, Aguilar, N,
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Hoyt, E 2001, ‘Whale Watching 200
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SPREP, Whale and Dolphin Action Pla
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A. Business name: B. Contact name:
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Whale Watching Worldwide

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