Resource Book on Horticulture Nursery Management

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Shadenet House for Secondary Hardening Assessment of Hardening: The physiological status of plants during hardening was assessed at the following stages: Stage I- Microshoots in the culture vessels (100 % RH). Stage II- Microshoots on closed mini polytunnels (95- 100 % RH) Stage III –Plantlets in partially opened polytunnels (65 % RH) Stage IV – Plants under shade net (45 % RH) Standard Protocol for Hardening of Nursery Plants 1. Prepare and sterilise substrate components (coconut fiber or coconut fiber-coal-pine bark). Place wet and sterilized substrate in germination tray cells. 2. From vitro plants kept in NEO medium for fourth months, select specimens with developed root systems. Then wash agar residues stuck to the roots. 3. Disinfect plants using Dithane M-45 (3 gm per 1 Liter of water). Transplant the vitro plant in each cell of the germination tray, burying part of the roots in the substrate and leaving the rest exposed. Provide water and place in the shade. Cover each tray with a plastic lid, preventing these from touching the leaves. 4. Apply daily misting with distilled and sterilized water. Water every eight days with half concentration MS solution for a month. Apply Benlate (0.70 g per Liter of water) in case of fungal infestation. 5. After three weeks, remove plastic lid for 4 hours a day for eight days; then remove the cover completely. 6. Transfer trays to a shady place for eight days and later to a site with 50 % direct sunlight. 7. From weeks 6 to 18 provide irrigation to the plants with tap water using an atomizer or sprayer. 8. Transplant each whole block of substrate to individual containers, filling them up with coconut fiber or a mixture of organic substrates plus icopor (polystyrene foam) and/or coal, to promote aeration and drainage. 9. Transfer plants to a shady, well-ventilated place, where relative humidity borders on 80 %. <strong>Resource</strong> <strong>Book</strong> on Horticulture Nursery Management : 130
10. Install a sprinkling system or provide water every 12 hours and avoid water logging or excessive humidity. Then transplant to environments similar to those where plantlets grows naturally. Care of Hardened Plants: Extra care should be taken when young, rooted plantlets are being transferred from the culture vessels to the external environment. Tissuecultured plantlets are delicate because they have been grown under low intensity artificial light and high humidity. The tissue cultured plants which are not adequately “hardened off” and may readily lose water when exposed to ambient conditions. When plantlets are removed from their containers, the artificial gel like agar medium is gently washed from the roots. This is important, because the agar contains sucrose and other nutrients that can serve as a medium for growth to the disease-causing organisms. The pre-hardened, tissue cultured plantlets with well branched roots are now ready for planting into potting media in a greenhouse nursery. The hardened-off plants should be quickly prepared for the greenhouse nursery. 6.2.5 Quality Standards in Nursery Plants The specific quality standards of nursery plant for fruit, vegetable, flower and other plant are describe as below: Sr. No. Crops Propagation Method Quality Standards 1. Mango Grafting 1 year old graft 2. Fig Cutting 8-12 month old seedling, 4-6 buds 30-40 cm height, 1-1.25 cm in diameter Layering 2.5-3 month old layering 3. Ber Budding (Insitu) 1 year old budding seedling 4. Custardapple Seed 5-6 month old seedling Grafting 1 year old graft 5. Aonla Budding 6-12 month old seeding 6. Banana Sucker Tissue culture 2-3 month old seedling 7. Grape Cutting/Grafting 15-20 cm long, 3-4 buds, 2.5 cm long (In Situ) stock. 8. Citrus Grafting 1-2 year old graft, 75-90 cm in height 9. Pomegranate Air layering 20-25 cm height, 6 month old seeding 10. Guava Layering 6-9 month old seedling 11. Cashewnut Softwood grafting 5-6 month old seedling 12. Papaya Seed 15-22.5 cm tall1.5-2 month old seedling 13. Coconut Seed 1-1.5 year old seedling, stem girth-10-12 cm, leaf stalk thick and short 14. Areca nut Seed 15-18 month old seedling 15. Tomato Seed 3-4 week old seedling, 12-15 cm height, 4-6 leaf stage <strong>Resource</strong> <strong>Book</strong> on Horticulture Nursery Management : 131
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YASHWANTRAO CHAVAN MAHARASHTRA OPEN
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FUNDING ORGANIZATION: NATIONAL AGRI
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Unit 1: Introduction to Horticultur
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Some nurseries just replant young p
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drumsticks, Alocasia etc. Seedlings
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that specialize in a particular typ
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5. Road and Transport Once the nurs
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e interpreted as “commercial", "a
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Financial Resource
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1.4 Points to Remember � Plant pr
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2.2 Contents 2.2.1 Sexual and Asexu
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Maize Beans Difference between Mono
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fleshy fruits and also the tree and
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2.2.3 Vegetative Propagation Vegeta
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Characteristics for Good Media The
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Scion Scion is the part of mother p
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Securing the Bud with Polythene Bud
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Two methods of injuring the shoot c
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(D) Grafting Grafting is a method o
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This technique is applied both with
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Micro Propagation by using Ex-Plant
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Hardening of Chilli Plants Hardenin
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2.6 Do it Yourself 1. Enlist the cr
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material for media can be used alon
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are developed in the leaves due to
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5. Magnesium (Mg): There is general
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9. Zinc (Zn): There is yellow strip
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vii. Excess of Phosphorous in soil
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ii. As constituent of enzyme system
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8. Chelated Fe- EDTA: Fe- 12 % 9. Z
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4. Fertigation: Adequate dose of fe
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amount of nitrogen as microorganism
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3 High 19-26 S3 4 Very high >26 S4
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Micro-Irrigation above Soil Surface
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Green leaf Manure: It refers to inc
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Fertilizer: Any natural or manufact
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Unit 4: Plant Protections in Nurser
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4. Legal or Regulatory Method: This
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Pest Damage Management Leaf Miner L
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Temperature Effects The growing sea
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Chemical treatments of soil eradica
Page 83 and 84: the quality of marketable nursery p
Page 85 and 86: (D) Chemical Method: Weed managemen
Page 87 and 88: At present, more than 21,500 natura
Page 89 and 90: Microorganism Target pest/disease B
Page 91 and 92: Disadvantages Biopesticide: � It
Page 93 and 94: environment and population dynamics
Page 95 and 96: Male moths attempting to locate the
Page 97 and 98: Viruses: A virus is a small infecti
Page 99 and 100: 5.2 Contents 5.2.1 Sanitation, Drai
Page 101 and 102: (b) Sub-Surface Drainage: A sub sur
Page 103 and 104: Potting of a Young Seedling B. Re-p
Page 105 and 106: D. Mulching in Nursery Mulching is
Page 107 and 108: Role of Plant Growth Regulators on
Page 109 and 110: usually low for easy rooting specie
Page 111 and 112: desired result from growth regulato
Page 113 and 114: apidly in these conditions. The int
Page 115 and 116: 2. Write the procedure of repotting
Page 117 and 118: 6.2 Content 6.2.1 Mass Scale Nurser
Page 119 and 120: placed in furrows at an interval of
Page 121 and 122: Sr. No. Crop Propagation Method Sea
Page 123 and 124: Rigid Panel Green House Shade Net H
Page 125 and 126: exposed wall area through which hea
Page 127 and 128: water is often too costly and may c
Page 129 and 130: 6.2.3 Input Management in Mass Plan
Page 131 and 132: calcium or magnesium can clog the n
Page 133: simultaneous. The gelling agents fr
Page 137 and 138: Grafting: The process of inserting
Page 139 and 140: 7.2 Content 7.2.1 Demand and Supply
Page 141 and 142: to transmission of several diseases
Page 143 and 144: Grafts tied and Secured with Polyth
Page 145 and 146: tightly to the wood, budding is usu
Page 147 and 148: (particularly in the drier areas) h
Page 149 and 150: In nursery, the cuttings are plante
Page 151 and 152: Coconut (Cocos nucifera) Mother Pal
Page 153 and 154: vegetable varieties. Nowadays many
Page 155 and 156: Sowing Seeds in Trays 2. Sow one se
Page 157 and 158: leaf mould and soil and watered. Th
Page 159 and 160: Depotting and Transplanting of Carn
Page 161 and 162: stages in micropropagation. In rose
Page 163 and 164: Gerbera Plantation in Polyhouse For
Page 165 and 166: 50% or 75% shade nets can be utiliz
Page 167 and 168: Marketing is systems that will make
Page 169 and 170: 7.6 Do It Your Self 1. Visit a frui
Page 171 and 172: 8.2 Content 8.2.1 Selection and Col
Page 173 and 174: 4. Edges: Lining and borders of flo
Page 175 and 176: . Succulents: Plants with very fles
Page 177 and 178: seedlings to other users, potential
Page 179 and 180: is limited. Cut the stem about ½ i
Page 181 and 182: Tip Layering Simple Layering: Bend
Page 183 and 184: ud and attending chip of bark and w
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various sizes. Seeding: The proper
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Plant Exhibition: A nursery plant e
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Commercial Display in Nursery The d
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However, they can also be located i
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Productivity Indicators 1. Value Pr
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Net Returns and Profitability 1. Ne
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� In Sexual propagation, seed ger
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9.2 Content 9.2.1 Selection and Pre
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transplanting in the field. When th
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mushroomed. All these establishment
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method is followed when the plants
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Fertilizer Requirements Plant Type
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Security from Theft: Plant library
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Sr. No. Common name Botanical name
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9 Caladium Caladium bicolor Tuber 1
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Common Name Botanical Name Flower C
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Common name Botanical name Propagat
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Tall Hedge Plant Duranta plumeri Ne
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Protective Tall Hedge Plants Sr Com
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Sr. No Common Name Botanical Name F
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Sr. Common Botanical No Name Name 3
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9.6 Do It Yourself 1. Select and co
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approach is to expand an existing f
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material, labels, pesticides, ferti
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Sr No Particulars Quantity Rate in
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lemongrass, khus etc are important
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The fruit grafts and seedlings are
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� Maharashtra Fruit Nursery Act 1
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Sr No Name of the Fruit Plant Type
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1. Support under State Department S
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profitability, control costs, reduc
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Sr No Crop Operation Physical Produ
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30 per plant, however if the mango
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Debit Side Name of Account Credit S
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for the project, tells us about the
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plants, consultancy or sale of vari
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6. Entrepreneurs take immediate fee
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8. Plant Libraries: The plant libra
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Break Even Point: The break-even po
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References 1. The pot-in-pot produc
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