Resource Book on Horticulture Nursery Management

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Control: Control practices reduce or suppress weeds but do not necessarily result in the elimination of any particular weed species. Weed control, therefore, is a matter of degree and depends upon the goals of the people involved, effectiveness of the weed control tactic used and the abundance and tenacity of the weed species present. There are 4 general methods of weed control: Physical, cultural, biological and chemical. (A) Physical Methods: Hand pulling or hand weeding, hoeing, tillage, mowing, burning, flooding, smothering etc. are examples of physical methods of weed management. These methods involve the use of physical energy through implements either manually or bullock drawn or power operated. Nurseryman mostly resort to hand weeding with the help of hand chisel (khurpi), hand hoe, spades, etc. It is one of the most commonly used methods but is back breaking, time consuming and costly effort. (B) Cultural Methods: Weeds are better competitors than nursery plants for light, water, nutrients and space. However, good nursery practices manifest the conditions so as to enable the nursery plants to compete with the weeds successfully. Such practices can reduce the interference of the weeds to the minimum and optimize the nursery production. Quality seed with good germination will give the nursery seedling a vigorous and close stand, and would enable the seedling to steal a march on the weeds. Varieties well adapted to a season will complete better with the weeds than those poorly adapted to it. Selection of crops which are quick-growing and short duration varieties with larger leaf area and good branching or tillering ability is essential to compete with the weeds. Proper seed rate, depth, time and method of sowing, and the use of the most appropriate method of irrigation and manuring can also minimize the losses due to weed infestation. (C) Biological Method: In this method, the natural enemy of a weed plant is used to control the weed. The requirements for the success in this method are: 1. The weed species must have been introduced and in the process of introduction must have been freed from its natural parasites or predators. 2. The natural predators and parasites must be introduced to prey upon or parasitize the weeds but they in turn must be freed from parasites in order to carry out their work for destruction unhampered. 3. The destructive agents must be highly specialized so they these are able to thrive even under starvation condition on agricultural plants of the new habitat. Root-borers, stem-borers and internal seed-or fruit feeders are more highly specialized than the foliage feeders. An outstanding example of biological control of plant is that of prickly pear (Opuntia spp.) in Australia. Another noteworthy example is of destruction of Lantana with the help of Telenemia scruplosa. Attempts are under way for the biological control of nutgrass in Hawaii. Water hyacinth can also be controlled through the use of Neochetina bruchi and N. eichhorniae. Successful control of Parthenium hysterophorus has been reported with the help of Mexican beetle Zygogramma bicolorata. It is necessary not only to identify a predator but also to analyze the other effects of introducing such a predator into a new territory. <strong>Resource</strong> <strong>Book</strong> on Horticulture Nursery Management : 80
(D) Chemical Method: Weed management in horticultural nursery constitutes a major input in their production of seedling. Losses due to weeds are highest in least developed crop production systems and lowest in most highly developed ones. In tropical and subtropical countries, 70% of the labour input is diverted for weeding. A broad spectrum of monocot and dicot weeds infests these crops. Their control measures are given in Tables 1, 2 and 3. Control Measures of Weeds Infesting Fruit, Vegetable and Flower Nursery Seedling. Crop Recommended herbicide Mango Diuron or Oxyfluorfen Banana Diuron / Simazine / Oxyfluorfen Paraquat /Glyphosate Pineapple Bromacil + Diuron Grape Oxyfluorfen or Diuron Papaya Fluchloralin or Butachlor or Alachlor Citrus Diuron Guava 2, 4-D or Paraquat or Diuron Strawberry Simazine or Chloroxuron Cocoa Basta Coconut 2,4-D or Ester or Diuron or Glyphosate Coffee Oxyfluorfen or Glyphosate Oil palm Gramuron (Paraquat+Diuron) Cabbage Oxyfluorfen or Fluchloralin Cauliflower Oxyfluorfen or Pendimethalin Knol-khol Fluchloralin or Butachlor Tomato Alachlor or Fluchloralin Brinjal Fluchloralin Chilli Alachlor or Butachlor or Fluchloralin Onion Fluchloralin Cucurbitaceous crop Alachlor or Butachlor or Fluchloralin Rose Diuron or Oxyfluorfen orAtrazine Gladiolus Fluchloralin Chrysanthemum Oxyfluorfen Marigold Simazine Carnation Oxadiazon China aster Oxyfluorfen or Diuron or Alachlor <strong>Resource</strong> <strong>Book</strong> on Horticulture Nursery Management : 81
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YASHWANTRAO CHAVAN MAHARASHTRA OPEN
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FUNDING ORGANIZATION: NATIONAL AGRI
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Unit 1: Introduction to Horticultur
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Some nurseries just replant young p
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drumsticks, Alocasia etc. Seedlings
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that specialize in a particular typ
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5. Road and Transport Once the nurs
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e interpreted as “commercial", "a
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Financial Resource
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1.4 Points to Remember � Plant pr
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2.2 Contents 2.2.1 Sexual and Asexu
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Maize Beans Difference between Mono
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fleshy fruits and also the tree and
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2.2.3 Vegetative Propagation Vegeta
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Characteristics for Good Media The
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Scion Scion is the part of mother p
Page 33 and 34: Securing the Bud with Polythene Bud
Page 35 and 36: Two methods of injuring the shoot c
Page 37 and 38: (D) Grafting Grafting is a method o
Page 39 and 40: This technique is applied both with
Page 41 and 42: Micro Propagation by using Ex-Plant
Page 43 and 44: Hardening of Chilli Plants Hardenin
Page 45 and 46: 2.6 Do it Yourself 1. Enlist the cr
Page 47 and 48: material for media can be used alon
Page 49 and 50: are developed in the leaves due to
Page 51 and 52: 5. Magnesium (Mg): There is general
Page 53 and 54: 9. Zinc (Zn): There is yellow strip
Page 55 and 56: vii. Excess of Phosphorous in soil
Page 57 and 58: ii. As constituent of enzyme system
Page 59 and 60: 8. Chelated Fe- EDTA: Fe- 12 % 9. Z
Page 61 and 62: 4. Fertigation: Adequate dose of fe
Page 63 and 64: amount of nitrogen as microorganism
Page 65 and 66: 3 High 19-26 S3 4 Very high >26 S4
Page 67 and 68: Micro-Irrigation above Soil Surface
Page 69 and 70: Green leaf Manure: It refers to inc
Page 71 and 72: Fertilizer: Any natural or manufact
Page 73 and 74: Unit 4: Plant Protections in Nurser
Page 75 and 76: 4. Legal or Regulatory Method: This
Page 77 and 78: Pest Damage Management Leaf Miner L
Page 79 and 80: Temperature Effects The growing sea
Page 81 and 82: Chemical treatments of soil eradica
Page 83: the quality of marketable nursery p
Page 87 and 88: At present, more than 21,500 natura
Page 89 and 90: Microorganism Target pest/disease B
Page 91 and 92: Disadvantages Biopesticide: � It
Page 93 and 94: environment and population dynamics
Page 95 and 96: Male moths attempting to locate the
Page 97 and 98: Viruses: A virus is a small infecti
Page 99 and 100: 5.2 Contents 5.2.1 Sanitation, Drai
Page 101 and 102: (b) Sub-Surface Drainage: A sub sur
Page 103 and 104: Potting of a Young Seedling B. Re-p
Page 105 and 106: D. Mulching in Nursery Mulching is
Page 107 and 108: Role of Plant Growth Regulators on
Page 109 and 110: usually low for easy rooting specie
Page 111 and 112: desired result from growth regulato
Page 113 and 114: apidly in these conditions. The int
Page 115 and 116: 2. Write the procedure of repotting
Page 117 and 118: 6.2 Content 6.2.1 Mass Scale Nurser
Page 119 and 120: placed in furrows at an interval of
Page 121 and 122: Sr. No. Crop Propagation Method Sea
Page 123 and 124: Rigid Panel Green House Shade Net H
Page 125 and 126: exposed wall area through which hea
Page 127 and 128: water is often too costly and may c
Page 129 and 130: 6.2.3 Input Management in Mass Plan
Page 131 and 132: calcium or magnesium can clog the n
Page 133 and 134: simultaneous. The gelling agents fr
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10. Install a sprinkling system or
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Grafting: The process of inserting
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7.2 Content 7.2.1 Demand and Supply
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to transmission of several diseases
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Grafts tied and Secured with Polyth
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tightly to the wood, budding is usu
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(particularly in the drier areas) h
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In nursery, the cuttings are plante
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Coconut (Cocos nucifera) Mother Pal
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vegetable varieties. Nowadays many
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Sowing Seeds in Trays 2. Sow one se
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leaf mould and soil and watered. Th
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Depotting and Transplanting of Carn
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stages in micropropagation. In rose
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Gerbera Plantation in Polyhouse For
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50% or 75% shade nets can be utiliz
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Marketing is systems that will make
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7.6 Do It Your Self 1. Visit a frui
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8.2 Content 8.2.1 Selection and Col
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4. Edges: Lining and borders of flo
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. Succulents: Plants with very fles
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seedlings to other users, potential
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is limited. Cut the stem about ½ i
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Tip Layering Simple Layering: Bend
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ud and attending chip of bark and w
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various sizes. Seeding: The proper
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Plant Exhibition: A nursery plant e
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Commercial Display in Nursery The d
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However, they can also be located i
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Productivity Indicators 1. Value Pr
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Net Returns and Profitability 1. Ne
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� In Sexual propagation, seed ger
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9.2 Content 9.2.1 Selection and Pre
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transplanting in the field. When th
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mushroomed. All these establishment
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method is followed when the plants
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Fertilizer Requirements Plant Type
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Security from Theft: Plant library
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Sr. No. Common name Botanical name
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9 Caladium Caladium bicolor Tuber 1
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Common Name Botanical Name Flower C
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Common name Botanical name Propagat
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Tall Hedge Plant Duranta plumeri Ne
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Protective Tall Hedge Plants Sr Com
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Sr. No Common Name Botanical Name F
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Sr. Common Botanical No Name Name 3
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9.6 Do It Yourself 1. Select and co
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approach is to expand an existing f
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material, labels, pesticides, ferti
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Sr No Particulars Quantity Rate in
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lemongrass, khus etc are important
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The fruit grafts and seedlings are
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� Maharashtra Fruit Nursery Act 1
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Sr No Name of the Fruit Plant Type
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1. Support under State Department S
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profitability, control costs, reduc
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Sr No Crop Operation Physical Produ
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30 per plant, however if the mango
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Debit Side Name of Account Credit S
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for the project, tells us about the
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plants, consultancy or sale of vari
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6. Entrepreneurs take immediate fee
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8. Plant Libraries: The plant libra
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Break Even Point: The break-even po
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References 1. The pot-in-pot produc
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