Resource Book on Horticulture Nursery Management

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Microorganism Target pest/disease Weed control Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Fungi/ Bacteria Chondrostereum purpureum, Cylindrobasidium leave Xanthomona campestris pv. poannua Crysopa carnea: Bio-control Agent Lady Bird Beetle: Bio-control Agent Trichogramma Wasp: Bio-control Agent Advantages of Biopesticides: � Biological control methods can be used as part of an overall integrated pest management (IPM) program to reduce the legal, environmental, and public safety hazards of chemicals. � It may be a more economical alternative to some insecticides. � Some biological controls are often very specific for a particular pest. Other helpful insects, animals, or people can go completely unaffected by their use. � There is less danger of impact on the environment and water quality. <strong>Resource</strong> <strong>Book</strong> on Horticulture Nursery Management : 86
Disadvantages Biopesticide: � It takes more intensive management and planning. � It takes more time to show measurable effect; � It requires more record keeping, more patience, and sometimes more education or training. � Successful use of biological control requires a greater understanding of the biology of both the pest and its enemies. � In some cases, biological control may be more costly than pesticides. � Often, the results of using biological control are not as dramatic or quick as the results of pesticides use. Application of Biopesticide: Increasingly, biopesticides are being produced and sold as least toxic pest management tools. The increasing acceptance and sale of biopesticides has created need for better understanding of the method of its application. If a decision has been made to use biopesticides to control pests, several considerations need to be made before proceeding. � First, find a source of high quality biopesticides. � Second, consideration should be made of how best to apply or release the biopesticides. A number of challenges and limitations are posed when biopesticide is incorporated into a pest management program. The failure of control is not unique to biopesticides. The use of pesticides also involves challenges and limitations that can lead to product failure or poor performance. Environmental conditions such as temperature, rainfall, and wind can all affect the quality and effectiveness of the applied pesticide. Finally, it is important to make sure that the pesticide actually gets to the targets pest. Biopesticide can be an effective, environmentally sound method of managing pests. However, when using biopesticides in gardens, farms, homes, or interior-scapes, identify the pest and biopesticides, estimate the population of pests and biopesticides, purchase the correct biopesticide, release them correctly, and monitor their effectiveness. Factors affecting the Effectiveness of the Biopesticide: Timing of Releases and Applications: Timing of biopesticide release is critical to the success of biological control. Since biopesticide work better as preventive rather than curative pest management method, it is important to release them when pest infestations are just beginning. Some biopesticides are affected by the time of year, and can be less effective when applied untimely. The time of day can also be important, especially if the release is to be made outdoors or in a green house. When the temperature is high during the middle of the day, biopesticides tend to be more active and may disperse or leave the area they were released in. Higher temperatures during the release can cause increased mortality of the biopesticides, reducing the number of beneficial organisms. Other weather conditions, especially rain, may also have an impact on biopesticide survival during release. As a <strong>Resource</strong> <strong>Book</strong> on Horticulture Nursery Management : 87
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YASHWANTRAO CHAVAN MAHARASHTRA OPEN
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FUNDING ORGANIZATION: NATIONAL AGRI
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Unit 1: Introduction to Horticultur
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Some nurseries just replant young p
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drumsticks, Alocasia etc. Seedlings
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that specialize in a particular typ
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5. Road and Transport Once the nurs
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e interpreted as “commercial", "a
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Financial Resource
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1.4 Points to Remember � Plant pr
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2.2 Contents 2.2.1 Sexual and Asexu
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Maize Beans Difference between Mono
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fleshy fruits and also the tree and
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2.2.3 Vegetative Propagation Vegeta
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Characteristics for Good Media The
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Scion Scion is the part of mother p
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Securing the Bud with Polythene Bud
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Two methods of injuring the shoot c
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(D) Grafting Grafting is a method o
Page 39 and 40: This technique is applied both with
Page 41 and 42: Micro Propagation by using Ex-Plant
Page 43 and 44: Hardening of Chilli Plants Hardenin
Page 45 and 46: 2.6 Do it Yourself 1. Enlist the cr
Page 47 and 48: material for media can be used alon
Page 49 and 50: are developed in the leaves due to
Page 51 and 52: 5. Magnesium (Mg): There is general
Page 53 and 54: 9. Zinc (Zn): There is yellow strip
Page 55 and 56: vii. Excess of Phosphorous in soil
Page 57 and 58: ii. As constituent of enzyme system
Page 59 and 60: 8. Chelated Fe- EDTA: Fe- 12 % 9. Z
Page 61 and 62: 4. Fertigation: Adequate dose of fe
Page 63 and 64: amount of nitrogen as microorganism
Page 65 and 66: 3 High 19-26 S3 4 Very high >26 S4
Page 67 and 68: Micro-Irrigation above Soil Surface
Page 69 and 70: Green leaf Manure: It refers to inc
Page 71 and 72: Fertilizer: Any natural or manufact
Page 73 and 74: Unit 4: Plant Protections in Nurser
Page 75 and 76: 4. Legal or Regulatory Method: This
Page 77 and 78: Pest Damage Management Leaf Miner L
Page 79 and 80: Temperature Effects The growing sea
Page 81 and 82: Chemical treatments of soil eradica
Page 83 and 84: the quality of marketable nursery p
Page 85 and 86: (D) Chemical Method: Weed managemen
Page 87 and 88: At present, more than 21,500 natura
Page 89: Microorganism Target pest/disease B
Page 93 and 94: environment and population dynamics
Page 95 and 96: Male moths attempting to locate the
Page 97 and 98: Viruses: A virus is a small infecti
Page 99 and 100: 5.2 Contents 5.2.1 Sanitation, Drai
Page 101 and 102: (b) Sub-Surface Drainage: A sub sur
Page 103 and 104: Potting of a Young Seedling B. Re-p
Page 105 and 106: D. Mulching in Nursery Mulching is
Page 107 and 108: Role of Plant Growth Regulators on
Page 109 and 110: usually low for easy rooting specie
Page 111 and 112: desired result from growth regulato
Page 113 and 114: apidly in these conditions. The int
Page 115 and 116: 2. Write the procedure of repotting
Page 117 and 118: 6.2 Content 6.2.1 Mass Scale Nurser
Page 119 and 120: placed in furrows at an interval of
Page 121 and 122: Sr. No. Crop Propagation Method Sea
Page 123 and 124: Rigid Panel Green House Shade Net H
Page 125 and 126: exposed wall area through which hea
Page 127 and 128: water is often too costly and may c
Page 129 and 130: 6.2.3 Input Management in Mass Plan
Page 131 and 132: calcium or magnesium can clog the n
Page 133 and 134: simultaneous. The gelling agents fr
Page 135 and 136: 10. Install a sprinkling system or
Page 137 and 138: Grafting: The process of inserting
Page 139 and 140: 7.2 Content 7.2.1 Demand and Supply
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to transmission of several diseases
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Grafts tied and Secured with Polyth
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tightly to the wood, budding is usu
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(particularly in the drier areas) h
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In nursery, the cuttings are plante
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Coconut (Cocos nucifera) Mother Pal
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vegetable varieties. Nowadays many
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Sowing Seeds in Trays 2. Sow one se
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leaf mould and soil and watered. Th
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Depotting and Transplanting of Carn
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stages in micropropagation. In rose
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Gerbera Plantation in Polyhouse For
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50% or 75% shade nets can be utiliz
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Marketing is systems that will make
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7.6 Do It Your Self 1. Visit a frui
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8.2 Content 8.2.1 Selection and Col
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4. Edges: Lining and borders of flo
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. Succulents: Plants with very fles
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seedlings to other users, potential
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is limited. Cut the stem about ½ i
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Tip Layering Simple Layering: Bend
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ud and attending chip of bark and w
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various sizes. Seeding: The proper
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Plant Exhibition: A nursery plant e
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Commercial Display in Nursery The d
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However, they can also be located i
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Productivity Indicators 1. Value Pr
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Net Returns and Profitability 1. Ne
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� In Sexual propagation, seed ger
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9.2 Content 9.2.1 Selection and Pre
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transplanting in the field. When th
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mushroomed. All these establishment
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method is followed when the plants
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Fertilizer Requirements Plant Type
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Security from Theft: Plant library
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Sr. No. Common name Botanical name
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9 Caladium Caladium bicolor Tuber 1
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Common Name Botanical Name Flower C
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Common name Botanical name Propagat
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Tall Hedge Plant Duranta plumeri Ne
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Protective Tall Hedge Plants Sr Com
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Sr. No Common Name Botanical Name F
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Sr. Common Botanical No Name Name 3
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9.6 Do It Yourself 1. Select and co
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approach is to expand an existing f
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material, labels, pesticides, ferti
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Sr No Particulars Quantity Rate in
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lemongrass, khus etc are important
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The fruit grafts and seedlings are
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� Maharashtra Fruit Nursery Act 1
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Sr No Name of the Fruit Plant Type
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1. Support under State Department S
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profitability, control costs, reduc
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Sr No Crop Operation Physical Produ
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30 per plant, however if the mango
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Debit Side Name of Account Credit S
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for the project, tells us about the
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plants, consultancy or sale of vari
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6. Entrepreneurs take immediate fee
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8. Plant Libraries: The plant libra
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Break Even Point: The break-even po
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References 1. The pot-in-pot produc
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