Resource Book on Horticulture Nursery Management

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envisages that the responses may be as biofertilizer or by the control of some undiagnosed plant pathogens. Recently, Pseudomonas spp. is being promoted as plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). The mechanism of pathogen suppression by these bacteria includes substrate competition, niche exclusion, and production of siderophores, antibiosis and induced resistance. Fungal Biopesticides: Fungi unlike bacteria or virus do not require ingestion for infection; so sucking pests are also targeted by primary contact or by secondary uptake from sprayed vegetation. The pathogenesis begins with germination of conidia on the cuticle and penetration and development inside the host leading to death of host essentially under high humid condition. Why Choose a Biopesticide? � Human and environmental safety � Alternatives to conventional pesticides � Amenable to small-scale and local production in developing countries � Increased public awareness of environmental and food safety � Fundamental component of Integrated Pest Management � Controls pests resistant to conventional pesticides Biopesticides are pest management tools that are based on beneficial microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, fungi and protozoa), beneficial nematodes or other safe, biologically based active ingredients. Benefits of biopesticides include effective control of insects, plant diseases and weeds, as well as human and environmental safety. Biopesticides also play an important role in providing pest management tools in areas where pesticide resistance, niche markets and environmental concerns limit the use of chemical pesticide products. Biological control is, generally, man’s use of a specially chosen living organism to control a particular pest. This chosen organism might be a predator, parasite, or disease that will attack the harmful insect. It is a form of manipulating nature to obtain a desired effect. A complete Biological Control program may range from choosing a pesticide, which will be least harmful to beneficial insects, to raising and releasing one insect to have it attack another, almost like a “living insecticide”. Popular Biopesticides used in Horticulture Nursery for Pest and Disease Management Microorganism Insecticides Target pest/disease Bacillus thuringiensis (Dipel) Caterpillar, larvae B. thuringiensis isrealensis (Acrobe) Mosquito, Black files B. thuringienis tenebrionis (Novodor ) Colorado potato beetle B. thuringiensis aizawai (Certain) Wax moth, Diamond black moth <strong>Resource</strong> <strong>Book</strong> on Horticulture Nursery Management : 84
Microorganism Target pest/disease B. Spharicus (Spic biomass) Dipteran insects B. papillae (Doom) Coleopteran insects B. moritai (Labillus) Dipeteran insects Verticillium lacanii (Vertalee/Biolin) Aphids, scale insects, mite, thrips Entomopthors Aphids, mites Numurea releyi Lepidopteran larvae Hirsutella thompsonii (Mycar) Citrus rust mite Colorado potato beetle, Codling moth, Coffee Beauveria bassiana (Bovarin/Blorin) berry borer Asohersonia aleyrodis Citrus scale insect Metarhizium anisopilae (Metaquine) Spittle bug Paeciliomyces lilacinus (Bicon) Nematodes Metarhizium flavoviride Fungicides Locust, grasshopper Trichoderma sp. (BINAB-T) Chondrostereaum purpureum T. harzianum (F-stop) Pythium sp. Trichoderma sp. (Trichodermin) Botrytis, Pythium, Sclerotinia, Verticillium sp. T. harzianum 9T-39) (Trichodox) Botrytis cinerea T. harzianum (Tricho dowels) Rhizoctonia solani,Pythium sp. T. viride (Antagon TV) R. Solani, Macrophomina phaseolina Tt. viride (Sun-Derma) -do- Trichoderma sp. (Ecofit) -do- T. virens (Gliogard) Pythium ultimum T. virens (Soilgard 12 G) Pythium sp. Amphelomyces quisqulais Saphaerotjeca fuliginea Pichia quiliermondii Penicillium sp. Aspergillus niger AN-27 (Kalisena) Pythium, Fusarium, Rhizoctonia, Sclerotinia sp. Macrophomina, Pseudomonas flurescens Rhizoctonia solani, Scleritium rolfsii, Fusarium oxysporum, Legaeumannoyces graminis var. tritici Streptomyees nigrifaciens Tilletia caries, T. facticida, Drechslevsteres, Microdochium nivale Agrobacterium radiobacter Agrobacterium tumefacience Bacillus subtilis Nematicides etc. Fusarium udum, Fruit Rot of avocado, Xanthomonas malvacearum, Rhizoctonia solani Nematode trapping fungi Bacteria Mollusc parasitic nematode Myrothecium verrucaria, Paecilomyces lilacinus, Bacillus firmus, Pasteuria penetrans Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita <strong>Resource</strong> <strong>Book</strong> on Horticulture Nursery Management : 85
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YASHWANTRAO CHAVAN MAHARASHTRA OPEN
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FUNDING ORGANIZATION: NATIONAL AGRI
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Unit 1: Introduction to Horticultur
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Some nurseries just replant young p
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drumsticks, Alocasia etc. Seedlings
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that specialize in a particular typ
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5. Road and Transport Once the nurs
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e interpreted as “commercial", "a
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Financial Resource
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1.4 Points to Remember � Plant pr
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2.2 Contents 2.2.1 Sexual and Asexu
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Maize Beans Difference between Mono
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fleshy fruits and also the tree and
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2.2.3 Vegetative Propagation Vegeta
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Characteristics for Good Media The
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Scion Scion is the part of mother p
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Securing the Bud with Polythene Bud
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Two methods of injuring the shoot c
Page 37 and 38: (D) Grafting Grafting is a method o
Page 39 and 40: This technique is applied both with
Page 41 and 42: Micro Propagation by using Ex-Plant
Page 43 and 44: Hardening of Chilli Plants Hardenin
Page 45 and 46: 2.6 Do it Yourself 1. Enlist the cr
Page 47 and 48: material for media can be used alon
Page 49 and 50: are developed in the leaves due to
Page 51 and 52: 5. Magnesium (Mg): There is general
Page 53 and 54: 9. Zinc (Zn): There is yellow strip
Page 55 and 56: vii. Excess of Phosphorous in soil
Page 57 and 58: ii. As constituent of enzyme system
Page 59 and 60: 8. Chelated Fe- EDTA: Fe- 12 % 9. Z
Page 61 and 62: 4. Fertigation: Adequate dose of fe
Page 63 and 64: amount of nitrogen as microorganism
Page 65 and 66: 3 High 19-26 S3 4 Very high >26 S4
Page 67 and 68: Micro-Irrigation above Soil Surface
Page 69 and 70: Green leaf Manure: It refers to inc
Page 71 and 72: Fertilizer: Any natural or manufact
Page 73 and 74: Unit 4: Plant Protections in Nurser
Page 75 and 76: 4. Legal or Regulatory Method: This
Page 77 and 78: Pest Damage Management Leaf Miner L
Page 79 and 80: Temperature Effects The growing sea
Page 81 and 82: Chemical treatments of soil eradica
Page 83 and 84: the quality of marketable nursery p
Page 85 and 86: (D) Chemical Method: Weed managemen
Page 87: At present, more than 21,500 natura
Page 91 and 92: Disadvantages Biopesticide: � It
Page 93 and 94: environment and population dynamics
Page 95 and 96: Male moths attempting to locate the
Page 97 and 98: Viruses: A virus is a small infecti
Page 99 and 100: 5.2 Contents 5.2.1 Sanitation, Drai
Page 101 and 102: (b) Sub-Surface Drainage: A sub sur
Page 103 and 104: Potting of a Young Seedling B. Re-p
Page 105 and 106: D. Mulching in Nursery Mulching is
Page 107 and 108: Role of Plant Growth Regulators on
Page 109 and 110: usually low for easy rooting specie
Page 111 and 112: desired result from growth regulato
Page 113 and 114: apidly in these conditions. The int
Page 115 and 116: 2. Write the procedure of repotting
Page 117 and 118: 6.2 Content 6.2.1 Mass Scale Nurser
Page 119 and 120: placed in furrows at an interval of
Page 121 and 122: Sr. No. Crop Propagation Method Sea
Page 123 and 124: Rigid Panel Green House Shade Net H
Page 125 and 126: exposed wall area through which hea
Page 127 and 128: water is often too costly and may c
Page 129 and 130: 6.2.3 Input Management in Mass Plan
Page 131 and 132: calcium or magnesium can clog the n
Page 133 and 134: simultaneous. The gelling agents fr
Page 135 and 136: 10. Install a sprinkling system or
Page 137 and 138: Grafting: The process of inserting
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7.2 Content 7.2.1 Demand and Supply
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to transmission of several diseases
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Grafts tied and Secured with Polyth
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tightly to the wood, budding is usu
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(particularly in the drier areas) h
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In nursery, the cuttings are plante
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Coconut (Cocos nucifera) Mother Pal
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vegetable varieties. Nowadays many
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Sowing Seeds in Trays 2. Sow one se
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leaf mould and soil and watered. Th
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Depotting and Transplanting of Carn
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stages in micropropagation. In rose
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Gerbera Plantation in Polyhouse For
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50% or 75% shade nets can be utiliz
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Marketing is systems that will make
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7.6 Do It Your Self 1. Visit a frui
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8.2 Content 8.2.1 Selection and Col
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4. Edges: Lining and borders of flo
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. Succulents: Plants with very fles
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seedlings to other users, potential
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is limited. Cut the stem about ½ i
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Tip Layering Simple Layering: Bend
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ud and attending chip of bark and w
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various sizes. Seeding: The proper
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Plant Exhibition: A nursery plant e
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Commercial Display in Nursery The d
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However, they can also be located i
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Productivity Indicators 1. Value Pr
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Net Returns and Profitability 1. Ne
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� In Sexual propagation, seed ger
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9.2 Content 9.2.1 Selection and Pre
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transplanting in the field. When th
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mushroomed. All these establishment
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method is followed when the plants
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Fertilizer Requirements Plant Type
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Security from Theft: Plant library
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Sr. No. Common name Botanical name
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9 Caladium Caladium bicolor Tuber 1
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Common Name Botanical Name Flower C
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Common name Botanical name Propagat
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Tall Hedge Plant Duranta plumeri Ne
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Protective Tall Hedge Plants Sr Com
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Sr. No Common Name Botanical Name F
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Sr. Common Botanical No Name Name 3
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9.6 Do It Yourself 1. Select and co
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approach is to expand an existing f
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material, labels, pesticides, ferti
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Sr No Particulars Quantity Rate in
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lemongrass, khus etc are important
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The fruit grafts and seedlings are
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� Maharashtra Fruit Nursery Act 1
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Sr No Name of the Fruit Plant Type
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1. Support under State Department S
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profitability, control costs, reduc
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Sr No Crop Operation Physical Produ
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30 per plant, however if the mango
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Debit Side Name of Account Credit S
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for the project, tells us about the
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plants, consultancy or sale of vari
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6. Entrepreneurs take immediate fee
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8. Plant Libraries: The plant libra
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Break Even Point: The break-even po
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References 1. The pot-in-pot produc
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