Resource Book on Horticulture Nursery Management

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Pest Damage Management Aphids Aphids damage the plants by sucking the leaf sap in young stage, cotyledonary leaves Jassids crinkle and in severe cases the plants withers off. Both nymphs and adults suck the sap from the lower surface of the leaves. The infested leaf curl upward along the margins, which may turn yellowish and show, burnt up patches. Leaf Roller Caterpillars roll leaves and feed on chlorophyll while remaining inside the folds. The folded leaves wither and dry up. Red Spider mite Different stages of mites are found in colonies covered by white-silky webs on lower surface of leaves. Nymphs and adults suck cell sap and white patches appear on leaves. Affected leaves become mottled, turn brown and fall. Mealy Bug Nymphs and adults of mealy bugs suck sap from the leaves, tender shoots and the fruits. A heavy black sooty mould may develop on the honeydew like droplets secreted by mealy bugs. Root-Knot Nematodes Cabbage Diamond back Moth The affected plants show the development of galls on the roots. The plants become stunted and the leaves show chlorotic symptoms. Severely affected leaves are completely skletonised. Thrips Nymphs and black adults feed on tender leaves causing silvering, mottling and distortion of leaves. Leaf Folder Larva fold leaves together and feed on chlorophyll. The affected leaves get skeletonized and dry. <strong>Resource</strong> <strong>Book</strong> on Horticulture Nursery Management : 72 Spraying Malathion (0.1 %) or Metasystox (0.1-0.2%) Spraying Malathion (0.1%) or Dichlorvos (0.05%) Spraying of Carbaryl (0.1%) or Malathion (0.05%) Acaricides like Omite (0.05%) and Wettable Sulphur (0.3%) gives effective control of mites. Spraying of insecticides like Dichlorvos (0.02%) or Chlorpyriphos (0.05%) with fish oil rosin soap was found to control the insect population. Treating the nursery beds with Phoret @ 5 g a.i./m 2 or Neem Cake 1 kg/m 2 Select resistant varieties. Spraying the crop with Malathion (0.1%) or Profenofos (0.25-0.5 kg a.i./ha) Soil application of thimate twice at 15 days interval at 5 gm/bed and also take spray. Two or three sprays of Quinalphos @0.05%
Pest Damage Management Leaf Miner Larvae attack tender leaves and feed in the epidermal layers of the leaf by making serpentine mines in which air gets trapped and gives them silvery appearance. Leaf Eating Caterpillar Cutworms Larvae feed on lower surface of leaves by scraping while greenish-brown mature larvae feed voraciously during nights on these leaves. The tender plants are found damped at ground level during the night Young larvae feed gregariously on foliage but later segregate and enter into soil. Whitefly The damage by whitefly also leads to yellowing of leaves and stunted growth, in severe cases leading to shedding of leaves <strong>Resource</strong> <strong>Book</strong> on Horticulture Nursery Management : 73 Spraying the plants with Quinalphos @0.05% Spraying of Quinalphos @0.05% or Carbaryl @ 0.1% or Chlorpyriphos @0.05% Soil application of Phorate (1kg a.i./ha) Spraying Triazophos 40 EC (1.5 ml/ L of water) + 1.0 ml of Dichlorvos 76 EC per litre of water. 4.2.2 Diseases Management in Horticulture Nursery Agricultural production of the world sustains annual loss of about 20 to 30% on an average due to plant diseases on different crops and in different countries. Plant diseases is one of the major bottlenecks in Agricultural Production in irrigated crops, monoculture cultivations, widely grown rainfed crops as well as in plant nurseries. Favorable Conditions for Diseases Infestation Plant diseases are caused by various sources like micro-organisms, including fungi, bacteria, viruses, mycoplasmas, etc. or may be incited by physiological causes including high or low temperatures, lack or excess of soil moisture and aeration, deficiency or excess of plant nutrients, soil acidity or alkalinity, etc. The causative agents of disease in green plants are in thousands and include almost every form of life. But primary agents of disease may also be inanimate. Thus nonliving (abiotic) agents of disease include mineral deficiencies and toxicities, air pollutants, biologically produced toxicants, improperly used pesticide chemicals, and other environmental factors as wind, water, temperature and sunlight. Abiotic factors: Nonliving agents certainly qualify as primary agents of disease; they continuously irritate plant cells and tissues; they hamper the physiological processes of the plant; they evoke pathological responses that later show up as symptoms and characteristic of the different diseases. The abiotic agents of plant disease are termed noninfectious and the diseases they cause are termed noninfectious diseases.
Page 1 and 2:
YASHWANTRAO CHAVAN MAHARASHTRA OPEN
Page 3 and 4:
FUNDING ORGANIZATION: NATIONAL AGRI
Page 5 and 6:
Unit 1: Introduction to Horticultur
Page 7 and 8:
Some nurseries just replant young p
Page 9 and 10:
drumsticks, Alocasia etc. Seedlings
Page 11 and 12:
that specialize in a particular typ
Page 13 and 14:
5. Road and Transport Once the nurs
Page 15 and 16:
e interpreted as “commercial", "a
Page 17 and 18:
Financial Resource
Page 19 and 20:
1.4 Points to Remember � Plant pr
Page 21 and 22:
2.2 Contents 2.2.1 Sexual and Asexu
Page 23 and 24:
Maize Beans Difference between Mono
Page 25 and 26: fleshy fruits and also the tree and
Page 27 and 28: 2.2.3 Vegetative Propagation Vegeta
Page 29 and 30: Characteristics for Good Media The
Page 31 and 32: Scion Scion is the part of mother p
Page 33 and 34: Securing the Bud with Polythene Bud
Page 35 and 36: Two methods of injuring the shoot c
Page 37 and 38: (D) Grafting Grafting is a method o
Page 39 and 40: This technique is applied both with
Page 41 and 42: Micro Propagation by using Ex-Plant
Page 43 and 44: Hardening of Chilli Plants Hardenin
Page 45 and 46: 2.6 Do it Yourself 1. Enlist the cr
Page 47 and 48: material for media can be used alon
Page 49 and 50: are developed in the leaves due to
Page 51 and 52: 5. Magnesium (Mg): There is general
Page 53 and 54: 9. Zinc (Zn): There is yellow strip
Page 55 and 56: vii. Excess of Phosphorous in soil
Page 57 and 58: ii. As constituent of enzyme system
Page 59 and 60: 8. Chelated Fe- EDTA: Fe- 12 % 9. Z
Page 61 and 62: 4. Fertigation: Adequate dose of fe
Page 63 and 64: amount of nitrogen as microorganism
Page 65 and 66: 3 High 19-26 S3 4 Very high >26 S4
Page 67 and 68: Micro-Irrigation above Soil Surface
Page 69 and 70: Green leaf Manure: It refers to inc
Page 71 and 72: Fertilizer: Any natural or manufact
Page 73 and 74: Unit 4: Plant Protections in Nurser
Page 75: 4. Legal or Regulatory Method: This
Page 79 and 80: Temperature Effects The growing sea
Page 81 and 82: Chemical treatments of soil eradica
Page 83 and 84: the quality of marketable nursery p
Page 85 and 86: (D) Chemical Method: Weed managemen
Page 87 and 88: At present, more than 21,500 natura
Page 89 and 90: Microorganism Target pest/disease B
Page 91 and 92: Disadvantages Biopesticide: � It
Page 93 and 94: environment and population dynamics
Page 95 and 96: Male moths attempting to locate the
Page 97 and 98: Viruses: A virus is a small infecti
Page 99 and 100: 5.2 Contents 5.2.1 Sanitation, Drai
Page 101 and 102: (b) Sub-Surface Drainage: A sub sur
Page 103 and 104: Potting of a Young Seedling B. Re-p
Page 105 and 106: D. Mulching in Nursery Mulching is
Page 107 and 108: Role of Plant Growth Regulators on
Page 109 and 110: usually low for easy rooting specie
Page 111 and 112: desired result from growth regulato
Page 113 and 114: apidly in these conditions. The int
Page 115 and 116: 2. Write the procedure of repotting
Page 117 and 118: 6.2 Content 6.2.1 Mass Scale Nurser
Page 119 and 120: placed in furrows at an interval of
Page 121 and 122: Sr. No. Crop Propagation Method Sea
Page 123 and 124: Rigid Panel Green House Shade Net H
Page 125 and 126: exposed wall area through which hea
Page 127 and 128:
water is often too costly and may c
Page 129 and 130:
6.2.3 Input Management in Mass Plan
Page 131 and 132:
calcium or magnesium can clog the n
Page 133 and 134:
simultaneous. The gelling agents fr
Page 135 and 136:
10. Install a sprinkling system or
Page 137 and 138:
Grafting: The process of inserting
Page 139 and 140:
7.2 Content 7.2.1 Demand and Supply
Page 141 and 142:
to transmission of several diseases
Page 143 and 144:
Grafts tied and Secured with Polyth
Page 145 and 146:
tightly to the wood, budding is usu
Page 147 and 148:
(particularly in the drier areas) h
Page 149 and 150:
In nursery, the cuttings are plante
Page 151 and 152:
Coconut (Cocos nucifera) Mother Pal
Page 153 and 154:
vegetable varieties. Nowadays many
Page 155 and 156:
Sowing Seeds in Trays 2. Sow one se
Page 157 and 158:
leaf mould and soil and watered. Th
Page 159 and 160:
Depotting and Transplanting of Carn
Page 161 and 162:
stages in micropropagation. In rose
Page 163 and 164:
Gerbera Plantation in Polyhouse For
Page 165 and 166:
50% or 75% shade nets can be utiliz
Page 167 and 168:
Marketing is systems that will make
Page 169 and 170:
7.6 Do It Your Self 1. Visit a frui
Page 171 and 172:
8.2 Content 8.2.1 Selection and Col
Page 173 and 174:
4. Edges: Lining and borders of flo
Page 175 and 176:
. Succulents: Plants with very fles
Page 177 and 178:
seedlings to other users, potential
Page 179 and 180:
is limited. Cut the stem about ½ i
Page 181 and 182:
Tip Layering Simple Layering: Bend
Page 183 and 184:
ud and attending chip of bark and w
Page 185 and 186:
various sizes. Seeding: The proper
Page 187 and 188:
Plant Exhibition: A nursery plant e
Page 189 and 190:
Commercial Display in Nursery The d
Page 191 and 192:
However, they can also be located i
Page 193 and 194:
Productivity Indicators 1. Value Pr
Page 195 and 196:
Net Returns and Profitability 1. Ne
Page 197 and 198:
� In Sexual propagation, seed ger
Page 199 and 200:
9.2 Content 9.2.1 Selection and Pre
Page 201 and 202:
transplanting in the field. When th
Page 203 and 204:
mushroomed. All these establishment
Page 205 and 206:
method is followed when the plants
Page 207 and 208:
Fertilizer Requirements Plant Type
Page 209 and 210:
Security from Theft: Plant library
Page 211 and 212:
Sr. No. Common name Botanical name
Page 213 and 214:
Page 215 and 216:
Page 217 and 218:
9 Caladium Caladium bicolor Tuber 1
Page 219 and 220:
Common Name Botanical Name Flower C
Page 221 and 222:
Common name Botanical name Propagat
Page 223 and 224:
Tall Hedge Plant Duranta plumeri Ne
Page 225 and 226:
Protective Tall Hedge Plants Sr Com
Page 227 and 228:
Sr. No Common Name Botanical Name F
Page 229 and 230:
Sr. Common Botanical No Name Name 3
Page 231 and 232:
9.6 Do It Yourself 1. Select and co
Page 233 and 234:
approach is to expand an existing f
Page 235 and 236:
material, labels, pesticides, ferti
Page 237 and 238:
Sr No Particulars Quantity Rate in
Page 239 and 240:
lemongrass, khus etc are important
Page 241 and 242:
The fruit grafts and seedlings are
Page 243 and 244:
� Maharashtra Fruit Nursery Act 1
Page 245 and 246:
Sr No Name of the Fruit Plant Type
Page 247 and 248:
1. Support under State Department S
Page 249 and 250:
profitability, control costs, reduc
Page 251 and 252:
Sr No Crop Operation Physical Produ
Page 253 and 254:
30 per plant, however if the mango
Page 255 and 256:
Debit Side Name of Account Credit S
Page 257 and 258:
for the project, tells us about the
Page 259 and 260:
plants, consultancy or sale of vari
Page 261 and 262:
6. Entrepreneurs take immediate fee
Page 263 and 264:
8. Plant Libraries: The plant libra
Page 265 and 266:
Break Even Point: The break-even po
Page 267 and 268:
References 1. The pot-in-pot produc
show all

Resource Book on Horticulture Nursery Management

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?