Leticia Neria PhD thesis - Research@StAndrews:FullText ...

Although the violent methods were officially denied, they emerge in references
in some of the comics and films. Interestingly, however, the paramilitary groups are
never mentioned. In La Familia Burrón the State Police (Policía Judicial) are said to be
detrimental. On the other hand, the regular police and investigators do engage in torture
to extract confessions. Some of the methods of torture are based on reality, such as the
use of electric shocks, or pulling out fingernails. 154 Hermelinda Linda also makes
reference to torture. 155 There are also references to forced disappearance in the film
Tívoli, in which some of the characters are illegally abducted by governmental forces.
They discuss people who suffered from such abductions and who were killed.
Countercultural movements
Beginning in the 1950s, urban youth in Mexico sought change. The rules and codes
imposed by society and the values promoted by the Revolution no longer fit the new
generations. 156 The government tried to contain the spread of young cultural expressions
-such as rock and roll- and to limit topics appearing in the mass media, with the aim of
preserving the values that the PRI promoted. 157 Thus, young people expressed
dissatisfaction in the way they dressed and spoke, the places they visited and the music
they listened to. Theirs was a new culture, a counterculture whose manifestations went
against the establishment. 158
During the 1960s ‘predominaban los valores como la obediencia, el
sometimiento a la autoridad del padre, jefe de la familia, de los maestros (…) y de la
whereabouts. On December 2009 the Inter-American Court of Human Rights demanded the Mexican
government investigate the case and find the remains of Rosendo Radilla. ‘CIDH condena a México por
guerra sucia’, El Universal, México, 15 December 2009
[accessed 1 August 2010]
154
Different kind of tortures are described in Castellanos, México armado…, p. 220 or pp. 226-227.
155
Hermelinda Linda, 363, pp. 10, 19.
156
José Agustín, La contracultura en México… p. 16.
157
Eric Zolov, Rebeldes con causa… p. 47.
158
José Agustín, La contracultura en México… p. 16.
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