Leticia Neria PhD thesis - Research@StAndrews:FullText ...

those who appeared to be hippies, harassing them for the way they looked. When they
were found taking drugs, they were jailed in Lecumberri, a jail containing the most
dangerous prisoners, including the enemies of the State. In Los Agachados there is a
reference to these arrests when one of the characters, who dresses in torn clothes, is
mistaken for a US hippie. 164
Mexican hippies, named Jipitecas by Enrique Marroquín, 165 generated their own
spaces, but they also merged with other youth groups such as the middle class youth.
Jipitecas shared a love of Latin American music and ballads with the middle class, and
soon they also shared folk music, Canto Nuevo, salsa, rock and jazz. 166 Most the
intellectuals welcomed the jipiteca movement. 167 However, others, such as Carlos
Monsiváis 168 and Rius, influenced by the Latin American wave and the Cuban
revolution, saw it as a kind of American imperialism, and they strongly criticised it.
Rius dedicated an issue of Los Agachados to the hippie movement and its influence on
Mexicans. 169 He also criticised them on other issues. 170
From 1968 the group of jipitecas most resentful of repressive social rules and
intolerance toward their cultural differences became known as La Onda. 171 The
movement spread throughout the country, and took part in different cultural expressions
Joseph, Anne Rubinstein, & Eric Zolov (Durham and London: Duke University Press, 2001), pp. 234-272
(p. 261).
164 Los Agachados de Rius. Selección de la gran historieta de los años setentas (Mexico: Grijalbo, 2004),
pp. 41-74.
165 José Agustín, La contracultura en México… p. 77.
166
Ibid., p. 31.
167
Zolov, Rebeldes con causa… p. 180.
168
Different essays in his book Días de Guardar criticise Mexican hippies and the Mexican Onda such as
‘Con címbalos de júbilo’, pp. 20-27, or ‘Dios nunca muere’, pp. 91-117. Carlos Monsiváis, Días de
guardar (Mexico: Ediciones Era, 1970; repr. 2006).
169
Eduardo del Río ‘Rius’, Los Agachados de Rius. Selección de la gran historieta de los años setentas,
pp. 41-74.
170
Such as issue 77 about drugs, and 36 about modern art.
171
According to Inke Gunia, La Onda was the Mexican understanding of the American hippie movement.
It started in the mid1960s and by the end of the 1970s only few young people identified themselves as
part of this movement. Gunia, ¿“Cuál es la onda”?... p. 161,163.
71