zogadi da araorganuli qimia nawili meore (qimiuri elementebi)
zogadi da araorganuli qimia nawili meore (qimiuri elementebi)
zogadi da araorganuli qimia nawili meore (qimiuri elementebi)
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oqsiduri afskis arsebobis gamo (aluminis msgavsad) wyalTan reaqciaSi<br />
ar Sedis. rogorc amfoteruli metali, moqmedebs mJavasTan <strong>da</strong> tutesTan:<br />
Be + 2HCl + 4H2O → [Be(H2O)4] 2+ + 2Cl - + H2↑<br />
Be + 2NaOH + 2H2O→2Na + + [Be(OH)4] 2- + H2↑<br />
konc. HNO3 <strong>da</strong> konc. H2SO4 apasiurebs.<br />
Be-s Rebuloben BeCl2-is nalRobis eleqtroliziT (NaCl-s <strong>da</strong>namatiT<br />
300ºC-ze) an Be-is halogenidebis magniTermuli aRdgeniT. beriliumi<br />
gamoiyeneba SenadnobebSi rogorc <strong>da</strong>namati, romelic zrdis maT<br />
koroziul mdgradobas <strong>da</strong> simagres. aRsaniSnavia brinjao (2,5%-mde Be),<br />
romelic gamoiyeneba eleqtroteqnikaSi <strong>da</strong> TviTmfrinavebSi, aseve atomur<br />
energetikasa <strong>da</strong> saaviacio teqnikaSi. radiumis preparatebTan narevis<br />
saxiT gamoiyeneba rogorc neitronebis wyaro.<br />
beriliumis naerTebi: beriliumis araorganul naerTTa umravlesoba<br />
Cveulebriv pirobebSi TeTri feris polimerebia. mJave wyalxsnarebSi<br />
Be 2+ -ionebi imyofeba aqvakompleqsuri ionis [Be(H2O)4] 2+ -is saxiT, xolo<br />
Zlier tute xsnarebSi [Be(OH)4] 2- saxiT. BeO oqsidi polimeruli naerTia<br />
jibsis energiis maRali mniSvnelobiT ∆Gº=-582 kkal/moli. qimiurad<br />
araaqtiuri ZneladlRobadi naerTia. gamoiyeneba, rogorc cecxlgamZle<br />
masala tigelebis <strong>da</strong> specialuri keramikis <strong>da</strong>samzadeblad. mas zogjer<br />
umateben minis saxarS narevSic. BeO <strong>qimiuri</strong> bunebiT tipuri amfotruli<br />
oqsidia. is SelRobiT moqmedebs mJava <strong>da</strong> fuZe oqsidebTan. aseve mJaveebisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> Zlieri tuteebis wyalxsnarebTan Sesabamisi kompleqsnaerTebis<br />
warmoqmniT:<br />
BeO + CaO → CaBeO2<br />
BeO + SiO2 → BeSiO3<br />
BeO + 2HCl + 3H2O → [Be(H2O)4]Cl2<br />
BeO + 2NaOH + H2O → Na2[Be(OH)4]<br />
Be(OH)2 _ polimeruli naerTia, wyalSi ar ixsneba. miiReba marilTa<br />
wyalxsnarebze tutis moqmedebiT. Be(OH)2 amfoteruli hidroqsidia:<br />
BeCl2 + 2NaOH→2NaCl+Be(OH)2<br />
Be(OH)2+2H3O + →[Be(H2O)4] 2+<br />
Be(OH)2 +2NaOH → Na2[Be(OH)4]<br />
mJava wyalxsnarebi<strong>da</strong>n marilebi gamoiyofa kristalhidratebis saxiT:<br />
BeSO4•4H2O, BeCl2•4H2O.<br />
Be 2+ ionebis maRali mapolarizebeli moqmedebis gamo misi marilebi<br />
advilad hidrolizdebian:<br />
[Be(H2O)4] 2+ +H2O � Be(OH)(H2O)3] + +H3O +<br />
rac Seexeba hidroqsoberilatebs, xsarebSi maTi SenarCuneba tutis<br />
siWarbis pirobebSi xerxdeba, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi isini srulad<br />
hidrolizdebian. wyalSi xsnadia mxolod pirveli jgufis s-<strong>elementebi</strong>s<br />
berilatebi.<br />
beriliumis sulfidi (BeS) kristaluri nivTierebaa, miiReba pir<strong>da</strong>piri<br />
urTierTqmedebiT. cxeli wyliT bolomde hidrolizdeba. misi<br />
amfoteruli buneba fuZe <strong>da</strong> mJavuri bunebis sulfidebTan urTierTqmedebaSi<br />
vlindeba:<br />
Na2S + BaS → Na2BeS2<br />
BeS + SiS2 → BeSiS3<br />
sulfidoberilatebi wyliT iSlebian. halogenidebi<strong>da</strong>n mniSvnelovania<br />
BeF2 <strong>da</strong> BeCl2. struqturiT isini SiO2-is analogebia. beriliumis<br />
halogenidebic amfoterulia, gansakuTrebiT fToridi:<br />
2KF + BeF2 → K2[BeF4]<br />
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