zogadi da araorganuli qimia nawili meore (qimiuri elementebi)

mdgradoba. isini warmoqmnian ormag marilebs: 3Mg(NO3)2·2E(NO3)3·24H2O;
3Na2SO4· E2(SO4)3 da a.S.
lanTanidebs axasiaTebs mravalricxovani kompleqsebi xelaturi
tipis ligandebTan, amave dros maTi koordinaciuli ricxvi SeiZleba
iyos cxra da ufro maRalic, _ 10-14, rac bmebis warmoqmnaSi f orbitalebis
monawileobas miuTiTebs.
lanTanidebi warmoqmnian hidridebs wyalbadTan uSualo urTierTqmedebiT
EH2 da EH3 SedgenilobiT (garda evropiumisa da iterbiumisa).
EH2 hidridebi tutemiwaTa metalebis hidridebis msgavsad ionuri
naerTebia. hidridebi qimiurad aqtiurebia, moqmedeben wyalTan, JangbadTan,
halogenebTan da sxva mJangavebTan.
miRebulia ceriumis naerTebi CeO2, CeF4, Ce(ClO4)4, Ce(SO4)2. CeO2
martivi nivTierebebis uSualo urTierTqmedebiT miiReba. qimiurad
sakmaod inertulia, mJavasTan da tutesTan ar moqmedebs.
Ce(IV)-is hidroqsidi miiReba fuZeebis miRebis Cveulebrivi meTodiT
_ marilisa da tutis mimocvlis reaqciiT. xsnaridan gamoiyofa cvladi
Sedgenilobis naleqis saxiT, romlis Sedgeniloba ufro sworad gamoisaxeba
formuliT CeO2·nH2O. am ukanasknels amfoteruli buneba aqvs.
Ce(IV)-is marilebi aramdgradebia, wyalxsnarebSi Zlierad hidrolizdebian.
Ce(IV)-is hidroqsidi (CeO2·nH2O) tuteebTan SelRobisas oqsoceratebs(IV)
warmoqmnis:
2NaOH + CeO2 → Na2CeO3 + H2O
xolo CeF4 fuZe bunebis ftoridebTan _ ftoroceratebs(IV)
warmoqmnis:
2KF + CeF4 → K2CeF6
Ce(IV)-is hidroqsidi mJavaSi gaxsnisas narinjisfer xsnars iZleva,
romelic ceriums akvakompleqsis [Ce(H2O)n] 2+ -is saxiT Seicavs.
mJava areSi Ce(IV)-is naerTebi sakmaod Zlieri mJangavebia (E 0 Ce 4+ /Ce 3+
= 1,61B).
2Ce(OH)4 + 8HCl → 2CeCl3 + Cl2 + 8H2O
naerTebi +2 JangviTi ricxviT yvelaze metad axasiaTebs evropiums
(E 0 Eu 3+ /Eu 2+ = _0,33B). agreTve samariums da iterbiums. maTi naerTebi kalciumis
qvejgufis elementebis naerTebis msgavsebia.
oqsidi EO da hidroqsidi E(OH)2 fuZe bunebis arian. marilebi ЭSO4
BaSO4-is msgavsia.
lanTanidebi da bevri maTi naerTi sakmaod mniSvnelovan gamoyenebas
poulobs mecnierebisa da teqnikis sxvadasxva sferoSi. gamoiyenebian
foladis, Tujis da sxvadasxva Senadnobebis warmoebaSi. foladze da
Tujze maTi damateba zrdis Termomdgradobasa da mdgradobas koroziis
gamomwvevi agentebis mimarT.
iSviaTmiwaTa metalebis yvelaze farTo momxmarebeli minis warmoebaa.
ceriumis Semcveli mina radioaqtiuri moqmedebisas ar muqdeba,
lanTanisa da neodiumis oqsidebi gamoiyenebian optikuri minis
warmoebaSi. neodiumis Semcveli minisagan lazerul optikur elements
amzadeben. lanTanidebis oqsidebi gamoiyeneba minis, faifuris,
glazuris da emalis SesaRebad.
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