zogadi da araorganuli qimia nawili meore (qimiuri elementebi)
zogadi da araorganuli qimia nawili meore (qimiuri elementebi)
zogadi da araorganuli qimia nawili meore (qimiuri elementebi)
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2N2 + 3Si → Si3N4<br />
azoti uSualod ar uerTdeba gogirds <strong>da</strong> halogenebs. azoti<br />
JangbadTan Zalian maRal temperaturaze moqmedebs (3500-40000C): N2 + O2 2NO<br />
marcxni<strong>da</strong>n marjvniv es reaqcia endoTermulia <strong>da</strong> xasiaTdeba didi<br />
raodenobiT siTbos STanTqmiT. aRniSnuli reaqcia bunebaSic<br />
mimdinareobs Weqa-quxilis dros.<br />
Tanamedrove qimiis erT-erT umniSvnelovanes amocanas warmoadgens<br />
Cveulebriv pirobebSi (katalizatorebis gamoyenebiT) molekuluri<br />
azotis fiqsacia _ misi bmul mdgomareobaSi ga<strong>da</strong>yvana. amis perspeqtiva<br />
isaxeba kompleqsuri naerTebis gamoyenebiT molekulur azotis gar<strong>da</strong>qmnaSi.<br />
molekuluri azotis SesakavSireblad gamoyenebulia rodiumis,<br />
paladiumis, titanis, kobaltis, zogjer rkinis kompleqsebi sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva<br />
rTul ligandebTan, magram samwuxarod, miRebuli naerTebis <strong>da</strong>SliT isev<br />
azoti gamoiyofa <strong>da</strong> ara amiaki. dReisaTvis kompleqsSi arsebuli aqtivirebuli<br />
azoti ver “aiZules” emoqme<strong>da</strong> wyalbadTan amiakis warmoqmniT,<br />
Tumca samecniero literaturaSi amis Sesaxeb garkveuli informacia ukve<br />
arsebobs.<br />
azoti gamoiyeneba amiakis sinTezSi, (xolo amiaki azotmJavasa <strong>da</strong><br />
azotiani sasuqebis warmoebaSi), sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva feTqebadi nivTierebebis misaRebad,<br />
agreTve inertuli aris Sesaqmnelad (mag., argonis nacvlad) im procesebSi,<br />
sa<strong>da</strong>c Jangbadis monawileoba arasasurvelia, qlorsilanebis warmoebaSi Ziri-<br />
Tadi reaqciis Tanamde airebis (HCl) gamosadevnad, sareaqcio sistemis hermetizaciis<br />
Sesamowmeblad <strong>da</strong> sxv.<br />
amiaki. amoniumis marilebi: azoti wyalbadTan ramdenime naerTs<br />
warmoqmnis (amiaki, hidrazini, hidroqsilamini, azotwyalbadmJava),<br />
romelTa Soris yvelaze mniSvnelovani amiakia.<br />
amiaki ufero, haerze TiTqmis 2-jer msubuqi, <strong>da</strong>maxasiaTebeli mkveTri<br />
sunis (“niSaduris spirts” amiakis suni aqvs) wyalSi kargad xsnadi airia.<br />
oTaxis temperaturaze 700 moc. amiaki ixsneba 1 moc. wyalSi. Cveulebriv<br />
temperaturaze, maRali wnevis pirobebSi, advilad Txevaddeba (dR.t. -<br />
33,4<br />
56<br />
0C, lR.t. -77,70C). amiakis wyalTan Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT sagrZnoblad <strong>da</strong>bali<br />
duRilis temperatura gapirobebulia Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT susti molekulaTa-<br />
Sorisi wyalbaduri bmebiT.<br />
rogorc cnobilia, sami p orbitali sivrceSi orientirebulia urTierTmarTobulad<br />
(900-iani kuTxiT, maqsimaluri ganzidva). aqe<strong>da</strong>n gamomdinare,<br />
azots (romelsac sami savalento p orbitali aqvs) wyalbadTan<br />
kovalenturi bmebi am mimarTulebiT un<strong>da</strong> warmoeqmna. sinamdvileSi,<br />
amiakis molekulaSi savalento kuTxe 107.3°-is tolia, rac meTanis naxSirbadis<br />
msgavsad, amiakis azotis savalento orbitalebis sp 3 hibridizaciaze<br />
miuTiTebs. e.i. azoti wyalbadis sam atomTan bmebs sp 3 hibriduli orbitalebiT<br />
amyarebs. meoTxe hibriduli orbitali Tavisufali eleqtronuli wyviliT<br />
bmaSi ar monawileobs. aseT orbitals araekvivalenturi orbitali ewodeba.<br />
amrigad, amiakSi, meTanis msgavsad, valenturi orbitalebis sp 3 -hibridizacia<br />
xorcieldeba. magram am ukanasknelisagan gansxvavebiT amiakSi bmebs Soris<br />
kuTxe tetraedrulze naklebia <strong>da</strong> 107.3°-is tolia. maSasa<strong>da</strong>me, amiakSi azotis<br />
hibriduli orbitalebi ganlagebulia <strong>da</strong>maxinjebuli tetraedris wveroebis<br />
mimarTulebiT. araekvivalenturi orbitali xasiaTdeba maRali eleqtronuli<br />
simkvriviT <strong>da</strong> kuTxe, romelsac igi bmis warmomqmnel hibridul orbitalebTan<br />
qmnis, metia hibridul orbitalebs Soris kuTxesTan Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT. molekula<br />
piramidis formisaa. radgan amiakSi kuTxe tetraedrulze naklebia, SeiZleba
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