zogadi da araorganuli qimia nawili meore (qimiuri elementebi)
zogadi da araorganuli qimia nawili meore (qimiuri elementebi)
zogadi da araorganuli qimia nawili meore (qimiuri elementebi)
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M +1 SbO3, M +3 SbO4, M +2 2Sb2O7<br />
wyalxsnarebi<strong>da</strong>n gamoiyofa tetraoqsoarsenatebi M + 3AsO4 <strong>da</strong> heqsahidroqsostibatebi<br />
M[Sb(OH)6]. fosfatebis msgavsad isini wyalSi Znelad<br />
ixsnebian.<br />
Sesabamisi mJaveebi<strong>da</strong>n Tavisufal mdgomareobaSi gamoyofilia H3AsO4,<br />
romelic <strong>da</strong>riSxanis an As2O3-is azotmJaviT <strong>da</strong>JangviT miiReba. <strong>da</strong>riSxanmJava<br />
fosformJavaze ufro sustia, Sb-Tvis analogiuri Sedgenilobis<br />
mJavas miReba ar moxerx<strong>da</strong>, _ warmoiqmneba ganusazRvreli Sedgenilobis<br />
Sb2O5·nH2O naerTi. bismuti(V)-is mJava miRebuli ar aris.<br />
sulfidebi <strong>da</strong>riSxanis atomis +5 JangviTi ricxviT _ As2S5 (yviTeli)<br />
<strong>da</strong> narinjisferi Sb2S5 _ wyalTan ar moqmedeben, isini mJava bunebis<br />
naerTebia, ixsnebian fuZe sulfidebSi Sesabamisi sulfomarilebis<br />
warmoqmniT:<br />
E2S5 + 3Na2S → 2Na3ЭS4<br />
E2S5 miiReba martivi nivTierebebis urTierTqmedebiT <strong>da</strong> E +5-is naerTebze H2S-is moqmedebiT:<br />
2Na3AsO4 + 5H2S + 6HCl → As2S5 + 6NaCl + 8H2O<br />
maTi Sesabamisi mJavebi gamoyofisTanave iSleba.<br />
V jgufis <strong>elementebi</strong>s (+5 JangviTi ricxviT) halogenidebi<strong>da</strong>n miRebulia<br />
pentahalogenidebi: AsF5 (airadi). SbF5 <strong>da</strong> SbCl5 (Txevadi), BiF5 (myari).<br />
isini tipuri mJavuri bunebis naerTebia. wyalTan moqmedebisas iZlevian<br />
mJaveebs, fuZe halogenidebTan ki marilebs:<br />
KF + EF5 → K[EF6]<br />
bismut(V)-is naerTebi Zlieri mJangavebia _ Mn +2 –s Jangaven Mn +7 -mde:<br />
2Mn +2 + 5BiO¯3 + 14H + = 5Bi +3 + 2MnO¯4 + 7 H2O<br />
stibium(V)-is naerTebi naklebi xarisxiT amJRavneben mJangav unars,<br />
Tumca Sb2O5-s SeuZlia konc. HCl-is <strong>da</strong>Jangva:<br />
Sb2O5 + 1OHCl → 2 SbCl3 + 2Cl2 + 5H2O<br />
<strong>da</strong>riSxani, stibiumi <strong>da</strong> bismuti TavianTi struqturiT tipuri<br />
metalebisagan arsebiTad gansxvavdebian, amitom isini metalebTan<br />
warmoqmnian ara myar xsnarebs, aramed eftektikur narevebs. isini<br />
ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d evteqtidur narevebs warmoqmnian. mag., 60% bismuti <strong>da</strong> 40%<br />
kadmiumis narevi lRveba 1440C-ze. farTod cnobili vudis Senadnobi<br />
romlis lRobis temperatura 65-700C (wylis duRilis temperaturaze<br />
ufro <strong>da</strong>bali) Seicavs 50% bismuts, 25% tyvias, 12.5% kala <strong>da</strong> 12.5%<br />
kadmiumi. <strong>da</strong>riSxani <strong>da</strong> bismuti ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d tyviaze <strong>da</strong>samateblad gamoiyenebian<br />
<strong>da</strong> mas simagres aniWeben.<br />
gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania Senadnobi 25% Sb, 60% Pb <strong>da</strong> 15% Sn<br />
romelic gamoiyeneba poligrafiuli Sriftebis <strong>da</strong>samzadeblad.<br />
<strong>da</strong>riSxanis naerTebi gamoiyeneba soflis meurneobaSi, optikaSi,<br />
farmakopeaSi, eleqtronikaSi, medicinaSi <strong>da</strong> sxv. As, Sb <strong>da</strong> Bi ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d<br />
gamoiyeneba sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva Senadnobebis <strong>da</strong>samzadeblad.<br />
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