zogadi da araorganuli qimia nawili meore (qimiuri elementebi)
zogadi da araorganuli qimia nawili meore (qimiuri elementebi)
zogadi da araorganuli qimia nawili meore (qimiuri elementebi)
Create successful ePaper yourself
Turn your PDF publications into a flip-book with our unique Google optimized e-Paper software.
18.3. oqro<br />
miReba: qviSrobebi<strong>da</strong>n oqros gamoyofis uZvelesi meTodia wvrilad<br />
<strong>da</strong>wiladebuli madnis wyliT Carecxva. oqro, rogorc mZime metali,<br />
WurWlis fskerze rCeba.<br />
madni<strong>da</strong>n misi gamoyofa amalgamirebis meTodiTac SeiZleba. amalgamisagan<br />
vercxliswylis moSoreba ga<strong>da</strong>deniT xdeba. oqros miRebis erT-erT<br />
mniSvnelovan meTods cianiduri meTodi warmoadgens, romelic qarTuli<br />
warmoSobis mecnieris, bagrationis mier aris SemuSavebuli. ma<strong>da</strong>ns am<br />
SemTxvevaSi Na-is an K-is cianidis 0,1-0,2%-iani xsnariT amuSaveben haeris<br />
Jangbadis Tanaobisas. oqro ga<strong>da</strong>dis cianoauratSi, sai<strong>da</strong>nac mas TuTiiT<br />
aZeveben. am dros oqros ereva TuTiis cianidi, romlis moSorebasac<br />
mJaviT <strong>da</strong>muSavebiT axerxeben.<br />
siTbo- <strong>da</strong> eleqtrogamtarobiT oqro mxolod vercxls CamorCeba.<br />
oqros axasiaTebs didi mdgradoba, srulebiT ar icvleba haerze. rogorc<br />
aRvniSneT, masze moqmedebs Cl2-iT gajerebuli HCl, samefo wyali, cxeli<br />
koncentrirebuli selenmJava, tute metalebis cianidebi O2-is Tanaobisas.<br />
tute mJangavebis gareSe ar moqmedebs gamlRval mdgomareobaSic ki.<br />
oqros naerTebi (+1) JangviTi ricxviT: aRsaniSnavia oqros sulfidi,<br />
oqsidi, halogenidebi. naerTebi +1 JangviTi ricxviT aramdgradia,<br />
advilad iSleba wylis moqmedebiTac ki. iseTi Zneladxsnadi marilic ki,<br />
rogoric AuCl-ia, wylis moqmedebiT advilad disproporcionirdeba:<br />
3AuCl ⎯⎯→ O<br />
H 2 2Au + AuCl3<br />
(+1)-iani oqros naerTebi, spilenZis analogiurad, misi maRali<br />
JangviTi ricxvis naerTebis aRdgeniT miiReba. magaliTad, AuCl-s<br />
Rebuloben CO2-is areSi (180 0 C) AuCl3-is gacxelebiT:<br />
AuCl3 ⎯⎯→ t<br />
AuCl + Cl2<br />
Semdgomi gaxurebiT oqro gamoiyofa. saerTod oqros yvela naerTis<br />
Termuli <strong>da</strong>Slis saboloo produqti oqroa.<br />
AuCl ixsneba tute metalebis qloridebis wyalxsnarebSi anionuri<br />
kompleqsebis warmoqmniT:<br />
3AuCl + KCl → K[AuCl4] + 2Au<br />
AuCl-ze tutis moqmedebiT miiReba Au2O. AuOH kidev ufro aramdgradia,<br />
vidre CuOH <strong>da</strong> AgOH.<br />
2AuCl + 2NaOH → Au2O + 2NaCl + H2O<br />
Au2O kargad ixsneba amiakis wyalxsnarSi kompleqsuri fuZis<br />
warmoqmniT:<br />
Au2O + 2NH3 → [Au(NH3)2]OH<br />
Au2O amfoteruli oqsidia.<br />
Au2O + KOH + H2O →K [Au(OH)2]<br />
Au +1 -is martivi naerTebi<strong>da</strong>n gansakuTrebuli mdgradobiT gamoirCeva<br />
AuI <strong>da</strong> AuCN.<br />
Au +3 -is naerTebze HI-is <strong>da</strong> aseve (CN¯)-ionebis <strong>da</strong>matebisas miiReba<br />
naerTebi (+1)-JangviTi ricxviT:<br />
2K[AuCl4] + 6HI → 2KCl + 2AuI + 2I2 + 6HCl<br />
AuCl3 + 3KCN → 3KCl + AuCN + (CN)2<br />
Au2O3 + 6HI → 2AuI + 2I2 + 3H2O<br />
AuI ixsneba KI-is xsnarSi kompleqsuri naerTis warmoqniT.<br />
Au +1 -is <strong>qimia</strong> ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d misi kompleqsnaerTebis <strong>qimia</strong>a. xsnarSi Au +1 -<br />
ionebi ar arsebobs. wyalxsnarSi mdgradia oqros kompleqsuri ioni _<br />
177
Change language