zogadi da araorganuli qimia nawili meore (qimiuri elementebi)
zogadi da araorganuli qimia nawili meore (qimiuri elementebi)
zogadi da araorganuli qimia nawili meore (qimiuri elementebi)
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BeF2 + SiF4 → Be[SiF6]<br />
cnobilia beriliumis nitridi Be3N2. miiReba beriliumis gacxelebiT<br />
(1000ºC) azotis atmosferoSi. beriliumis nitridi wyliT advilad iSleba:<br />
Be3N2 + 6H2O→3Be(OH)2 + 2NH3↑<br />
aseve iSleba mJaviT:<br />
Be3N2 + 6HCl→3BeCl2 + 2NH3↑<br />
BeH2 hidridi mxolod arapir<strong>da</strong>piri gziT miiReba:<br />
BeCl2 + 2LiH→BeH2 + 2LiCl<br />
wyliT iSleba wyalbadis gamoyofiT, Zlieri aRmdgenia. beriliumisaTvis<br />
<strong>da</strong>maxasiaTebelia ormagi marilebis warmoqmnis unari:<br />
Na2SO4 + BeSO4 → Na2[Be(SO4)2]<br />
(NH4)2CO3 + BeCO3 → (NH4)2[Be(CO3)2]<br />
gamomdinare aqe<strong>da</strong>n, wyalSi uxsnadi BeCO3 ixsneba pirveli jgufis<br />
<strong>elementebi</strong>s an amoniumis karbonatis najer wyalxsnarSi. beriliumis<br />
naerTebi momwamlavia.<br />
7.2. magniumi<br />
magniumis savalento eleqtronebis ricxvi periodis mezobel<br />
aluminTan Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT naklebia, atomis radiusi ki ufro didi. amitom is<br />
ufro Zlierad avlens metalur Tvisebebs, vidre alumini <strong>da</strong> beriliumi.<br />
magniums naklebad axasiaTebs kovalenturi <strong>da</strong> ufro metad ionuri bmis<br />
warmoqmnis unari. is Tavisi TvisebebiT ufro axlos dgas kalciumTan <strong>da</strong><br />
mis analogebTan.<br />
magniumi (aRmoaCina hemfri devim 1808 wels) de<strong>da</strong>miwaze erT-erTi<br />
farTod gavrcelebuli elementia. bunebaSi imyofeba sami stabiluri<br />
izotopis saxiT: 24 Mg (78,6%), 25 Mg (10.1%) <strong>da</strong> 26 Mg (11.3%). miRebulia<br />
xelovnuri izotopebic. magniumi Sedis silikaturi mineralebis SemadgenlobaSi<br />
Mg2SiO4. magniumi gavrcelebulia karbonatuli mineralebis saxiT:<br />
dolomiti (CaCO3•MgCO3) <strong>da</strong> magneziti (MgCO3).<br />
teqnikuri TvalsazrisiT mniSvnelovania karnaliti KCl·MgCl2·6H2O.<br />
zRvis wyali Seicavs 0.38%-mde MgCl2-s <strong>da</strong> zogierTi tbis wyali _ 30%-mde.<br />
Tvisebebi: magniumi beriliumTan Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT ufro We<strong>da</strong>di <strong>da</strong> msubuqia.<br />
sakmaod aqtiuri metalia. gacxelebiT moqmedebs JangbadTan, halogenebTan,<br />
gogirdTan, azotTan, naxSirbadTan, siliciumTan. e.i arametalebis<br />
did nawilTan. teqnikaSi mis Senadnobebs didi gamoyeneba aqvs,<br />
isini gamoirCevian maRali simtkiciTa <strong>da</strong> simsubuqiT, amitom gamoiyeneba<br />
aqvT raketebisa <strong>da</strong> saaviacio mrewvelobaSi.<br />
miReba: magniums Rebuloben:<br />
a) MgCl2-is nalRobis eleqtroliziT. lRobis temperaturis Sesamcireblad<br />
gamosaval nivTierebas NaCl-s umateben.<br />
b) metaloTermia: dolomitis gamowviT miRebul MgO·CaO-s siliciumiT<br />
aRadgenen.<br />
2(CaO· MgO) + Si → Ca2SiO4 + 2Mg<br />
magniumi metalTaAZabvis eleqtroqimiur rigSi wyalba<strong>da</strong>mdea moTavsebuli.<br />
civ wyalTan Zalian nela moqmedebs, radgan warmoiqmneba cu<strong>da</strong>d<br />
xsnadi Mg(OH)2, romlis xsnadobac gacxelebisas izrdeba <strong>da</strong> Sesabamisad<br />
izrdeba magniumis wyalSi xxnadobac. mJavaSi magniumi Zalian kargad<br />
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