zogadi da araorganuli qimia nawili meore (qimiuri elementebi)
zogadi da araorganuli qimia nawili meore (qimiuri elementebi)
zogadi da araorganuli qimia nawili meore (qimiuri elementebi)
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e.i mJava bunebis bromidebi <strong>da</strong> iodidebi bolomde hidrolizdebian<br />
mJavebis warmoqmniT.<br />
gansxvavebuli <strong>qimiuri</strong> buneba kargad Cans maTi erTmaneTisadmi <strong>da</strong>mokidebulebaSic:<br />
KBr +AlBr3 → K[AlBr4]<br />
2KI + HgI2 → K2[HgI4]<br />
tute metalebis iodidebs wyalxsnarebSi axasiaTebs iodis molekulebis<br />
SeerTeba kompleqsnaerTebis − poliiodidebis warmoqmniT.<br />
KI + I2→K[I3]⎯<br />
miReba: bromsa <strong>da</strong> iods marilTa wyalxsnarebSi qloris gatarebiT<br />
Rebuloben:<br />
2KBr + Cl2 → 2KCl + Br2<br />
2KJ + Cl2 → 2KCl + J2<br />
Cl2-is, Br2-is <strong>da</strong> I2-is miReba SeiZleba Semdegi reaqciiTac:<br />
2NaHal + MnO2 +2H2SO4 → Hal2 + MnSO4 + Na2SO4 +2H2O<br />
bromwyalbadi <strong>da</strong> iodwyalbadi HCl-is analogiurad Sesabamis<br />
marilebze konc. H2SO4-is moqmedebiT ar miiReba, radgan HBr <strong>da</strong> HI Zlieri<br />
aRmdgenlebia (rigSi HCl, HBr, HI _ aRmdgeni unari Zlierdeba. erTaderTi<br />
HF ar aris aRmdgeni), amitom HCl-isagan gansxvavebiT, isini reaqcias<br />
agrZeleben konc. H2SO4-Tan, rogorc mJangavTan. HBr gogirdmJavas SO2-mde<br />
aRadgens, xolo HI, rogorc ufro Zlieri aRmdgeni _ maqsimalurad H2Smde.<br />
TviTon ki martiv nivTierebebamde iJangebian.<br />
2NaBr + H2SO4 → Na2SO4 +2HBr↑<br />
2HBr +H2SO4 → Br2 +SO2↑ + 2H2O<br />
2NaI + H2SO4 → Na2SO4 +2HI↑<br />
8HI + H2SO4 → 4I2 +H2S +4H2O<br />
HBr-s <strong>da</strong> HI-s PBr3-is <strong>da</strong> PPI3-is hidroliziT Rebuloben:<br />
PBr3 + 3HOH → H3PO3 + 3HBr<br />
PI3 + 3HOH → H3PO3 + 3HI<br />
HBr <strong>da</strong> HI mkveTri sunis mqone ufero airebia, wyalSi kargad ixsnebian<br />
Zlieri mJavebis warmoqmniT. mJavaTa siZliere rigSi HCl, HBr, HI izrdeba<br />
halogen-ionebis radiusis zr<strong>da</strong>sTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT. imave rigSi aRmdgeni<br />
unaric Zlierdeba.<br />
HI wyalxsnarSi haeris JangbadiTac iJangeba, amitom HI-is wyalxsnari<br />
haerze muqdeba I 2-is gamoyofis gamo:<br />
4HI + O 2 → 2H2O + I2<br />
HBr-sa <strong>da</strong> HI-s rogorc Zlier mJavebs mJavas yvela Tviseba aqvs. moqmedeben<br />
metalebTan (wyalba<strong>da</strong>mde moTavsebulTan), fuZe <strong>da</strong> amfoterul<br />
oqsidebTan, xsnad <strong>da</strong> uxsnad hidroqsidebTan <strong>da</strong> marilebTan. Br¯ <strong>da</strong> I¯ionebs<br />
wyalxsnari<strong>da</strong>n leqavs Ag + -ioni yviTeli feris wyalSi <strong>da</strong> mJavaSi<br />
uxsnadi marilebis AgBr-sa <strong>da</strong> AgI-is warmoqmniT:<br />
NaBr + AgNO3 → AgBr↓ + NaNO3<br />
Ag + + Br¯ → AgBr<br />
NaI + AgNO3 → AgI↓ + NaNO3<br />
Ag + + I¯ → AgI<br />
AgBr, AgCl-is msgavsad, ixsneba amiakis wyalxsnarSi amiakaturi kompleqsis<br />
warmoqmniT:<br />
AgBr + 2NH3 → [Ag(NH3)2]Br<br />
AgI amiakis wyalxsnarSi ar ixsneba. mas xsnis KCN-is xsnari<br />
cianiduri kompleqsis warmoqmniT:<br />
AgI + 2KCN → K[Ag(CN)2] + KI<br />
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