zogadi da araorganuli qimia nawili meore (qimiuri elementebi)
zogadi da araorganuli qimia nawili meore (qimiuri elementebi)
zogadi da araorganuli qimia nawili meore (qimiuri elementebi)
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Ag + -ioni Cl¯-ionis aRmomCenia. isini erTmaneTTan wyalSi <strong>da</strong> mJavaSi<br />
uxsnad TeTr xaWosebr naleqs AgCl-s warmoqmnis.<br />
AgCl sinaTleze iSleba:<br />
2AgCl → 2Ag + Cl2<br />
<strong>da</strong>Slas axlavs feris cvlileba. TeTri naleqi <strong>da</strong>Slisas Savdeba<br />
wvrilad <strong>da</strong>wiladebuli vercxlis warmoqmnis gamo. AgCl ixsneba amiakis,<br />
KCN-is wyalxsnarebSi amiakaluri <strong>da</strong> cianiduri kompleqsebis warmoqmniT:<br />
AgCl + 2NH3 → [Ag(NH3)2]Cl<br />
AgCl + 2KCN → K[Ag(CN)2] + KCl<br />
marilmJavas marilebis _ qloridebis buneba kanonzomierad icvleba<br />
jgufebSi <strong>da</strong> periodebSi. metalebis ionuri (fuZe) qloridebi<strong>da</strong>n, arametalebis<br />
kovalenturi (mJava) qloridebamde. ionuri qloridebi kristaluri,<br />
ZneladlRobadi naerTebia. kovalenturi qloridebi airebi,<br />
siTxeebi an advilad lRobadi myari naerTebia. ionuri qloridebi fuZe<br />
bunebisaa, kovalenturi ki – mJava bunebis.<br />
NeCl, KCl, MgCl2 – fuZe bunebis qloridebi<br />
AlCl3 – amfoteruli bunebis qloridi<br />
SiCl4, PCl5 – mJava bunebis qloridebi<br />
fuZe bunebis qloridebi hidrolizs ar ganicdian, mJava bunebis<br />
qloridebi ki Seuqceva<strong>da</strong>d hidrolizdebian mJavebis warmoqmniT<br />
SiCl4 + 3HOH → H2SiO3↓ +4HCl<br />
qloridebis gansxvavebuli buneba maTi erTmaneTTan urTierTqmedebis<br />
unarSic vlindeba:<br />
KCl + AlCl3→K[AlCl4]<br />
fuZe qloridebi eleqtronebis donorebia. mJavuri bunebisa ki aqceptorebi.<br />
maTi urTierTqmedebis produqtebi kompleqsuri qloridebia.<br />
qloridebis umravlesoba wyalSi xsnadia (uxsnadia: AgCl, CuCl, AuCl,<br />
PbCl2).<br />
qloridebi miiReba martivi nivTierebebis qlorirebiT:<br />
Cu + Cl2 → CuCl2<br />
2Fe + 3Cl2 → 2FeCl3<br />
myari, araaqroladi oqsidebis naxSirTan <strong>da</strong> qlorTan erTdrouli<br />
urTierTqmedebiT:<br />
TiO2 + C + 2Cl2 → TiCl4 + 2CO<br />
SiO2 + C + 2Cl2 → SiCl4 + 2CO<br />
metalebze, fuZeoqsidebze, fuZeebze <strong>da</strong> marilebze marilmJavis<br />
moqmedebiT:<br />
Zn + 2HCl → ZnCl2 +H2↑<br />
FeO + 2HCl → FeCl2 +H2O<br />
Na2SO3 + 2HCl → 2NaCl + SO2↑ + H2O<br />
Cu(OH)2 + 2HCl → CuCl2 + 2H2O<br />
qloris naerTebi <strong>da</strong>debiTi JangviTi ricxviT _ ClF, Cl2O, Cl3N, HClO <strong>da</strong><br />
misi marilebi _ hipoqloritebi.<br />
ClF miiReba mSrali fToris <strong>da</strong> qloris narevis susti gacxelebiT. ClF<br />
egzoTermuli naerTia, Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT mdgradia. Cl2O <strong>da</strong> NCl3 endoTermuli<br />
aramdgradi naerTebia. Cl2O afeTqebiT iSleba qlorad <strong>da</strong> Jangba<strong>da</strong>d. am<br />
naerTebs arapir<strong>da</strong>iri gziT Rebuloben. maTi miRebis reaqciebis ∆G>0.<br />
aRniSnuli naerTebi mJava bunebisaa, rac maTi wyalTan urTierTqmedebis<br />
reaqciebi<strong>da</strong>nac Cans:<br />
Cl2O + H2O → 2HClO<br />
ClF + H2O → HClO + HF<br />
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