zogadi da araorganuli qimia nawili meore (qimiuri elementebi)
zogadi da araorganuli qimia nawili meore (qimiuri elementebi)
zogadi da araorganuli qimia nawili meore (qimiuri elementebi)
Create successful ePaper yourself
Turn your PDF publications into a flip-book with our unique Google optimized e-Paper software.
vivaraudoT, rom am SemTxvevaSi ar xorcieldeba savalento orbitalebis<br />
sruli sp 3 hibridizacia (sp 3 hibridizaciis xarisxi ar aRwevs 100%-s), s orbitalebis<br />
wili hibridizaciaSi ramdenadme naklebia, rac savalento tetraedruli<br />
kuTxis Semcirebas iwvevs. amiakis molekulis aseT struqturas<br />
a<strong>da</strong>sturebs eqsperimentulad napovni dipoluri momentis mniSvneloba,<br />
romelic 4.8•10 -29 k•m-s tolia.<br />
naxazi 16. amiakis molekulis modeli<br />
azotis qvejgufis <strong>elementebi</strong>s wyalbadnaerTebSi (PH3, AsH3, SbH3) atomuri<br />
nomris zr<strong>da</strong>sTan erTad savalento kuTxe bmebs Soris Tan<strong>da</strong>Tan uaxlovdeba<br />
90°-s, rac kovalenturi bmebis arahibriduli orbitalebiT warmoqmnas<br />
a<strong>da</strong>sturebs.<br />
naxazi 17. stibinis molekulis modeli<br />
amiakis miRebis meTodebi:<br />
1. cianiduri meTodi (Zveli <strong>da</strong> ZviradRirebuli meTodia):<br />
CaC2 + N2 → CaCN 2 + Ckris. wylis orTqlis moqmedebiT kalciumis cianamidi advilad iSleba<br />
amiakis gamoyofiT:<br />
CaCN 2 + 3H2O → CaCO3 + 2NH3↑<br />
2. amiaks laboratoriaSi NH4Cl-is Ca(OH)2-Tan gaxurebiT Rebuloben:<br />
2NH4Cl+Ca(OH) 2 CaCl2+2NH3 +2H2O gamoyofili amiaki teniania, gasaSrobad natron kirSi atareben (kalciumis<br />
oqsidis narevi mwvave natrTan).<br />
3. teqnikaSi amiaks azotisa <strong>da</strong> wyalbadisagan sinTeziT Rebuloben:<br />
N2 + 3H2 2NH3 sinTezis pirveli etapi wyalbadis <strong>da</strong> azotis adsorbciaa rkinis<br />
katalizatoris ze<strong>da</strong>pirze. am dros wyalbadis molekulebi atomebad<br />
iSleba, xolo azotis molekulebi naklebad mtkice xdeba (aqtiurdeba).<br />
katalizatoris ze<strong>da</strong>pirze warmoqmnili amiakis molekulebi azotis<br />
molekulebiT gamoZevdeba <strong>da</strong> ase meordeba es procesebi.<br />
57
Change language