zogadi da araorganuli qimia nawili meore (qimiuri elementebi)
zogadi da araorganuli qimia nawili meore (qimiuri elementebi)
zogadi da araorganuli qimia nawili meore (qimiuri elementebi)
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naxSirmJava <strong>da</strong> misi marilebi: naxSirmJava susti eleqtrolitia. igi<br />
cnobilia mxolod xsnaris saxiT. wyalxsnarSi naxSirbadis dioqsidi<br />
ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d molekulur mdgomareobaSia, amitom wonasworoba ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d<br />
marcxniv aris ga<strong>da</strong>xrili. naxSirmJava orfuZiani mJavaa, amitom gvaZlevs<br />
ori tipis marilebs. saSualo marilebs – karbonatebs <strong>da</strong> mJava marilebs<br />
– hidrokarbonatebs.<br />
naxSirmJava disocirdeba 2 safexurad:<br />
H2CO3 � H + + HCO⎯3 K dis.= 4.5 · 10 -7<br />
HCO⎯3 � H + + CO 2 ⎯3 K dis.= 4.8 · 10 -11<br />
<strong>meore</strong> safexuri mimdinareobs mxolod didi ganzavebis pirobebSi.<br />
H2CO3 + NaOH → NaHCO3 + H2O (realurad, CO2+H2O)<br />
H2CO3 + 2 NaOH → Na2CO3 + 2H2O<br />
karbonatebi<strong>da</strong>n wyalSi mxolod tute metalebisa <strong>da</strong> amoniumis<br />
marilebi ixsneba, romlebic amave dros hidrolizdebian:<br />
Na2CO3 + H2O � NaOH + NaHCO3<br />
CO 2- 3 + H2O � HCO⎯3 + OH⎯<br />
hidrolizis Sedegad miiReba tute garemo. tute garemos tute<br />
metalTa hidrokarbonatebic qmnis wyalxsnarebSi:<br />
NaHCO3 + H2O � NaOH + H2CO3<br />
HCO⎯3 + H2O � H2CO3 + OH⎯<br />
mxolod naklebi xarisxiT, vidre saSualo marilis SemTxvevaSi.<br />
naxSirmJava sust fuZeebTan xSirad fuZe marilebs warmoqmnis. mag.,<br />
minerali malaqiti Cu2(OH)2CO3. tute metalebis karbonatebis gar<strong>da</strong><br />
(gamonaklisia liTiumis karbonati) yvela karbonati Zlieri gaxurebiT<br />
Termul disociacias ganicdis:<br />
Li2CO3 → Li2O + CO2<br />
MgCO3 → MgO + CO2<br />
CaCO3 → CaO + CO2<br />
tutemiwaTa metalebis karbonatebi kontrpolarizaciis gamo (nax. 3)<br />
tute metalTa karbonatebTan DSe<strong>da</strong>rebiT gacilebiT advilad iSlebian,<br />
radgan tutemiwaTa metalebi warmoqmnian mcire radiusis ormuxtian<br />
kationebs (es movlena sxva oqsomJavebis marilebisaTvisac aris<br />
<strong>da</strong>maxasiaTebeli: nitratebi, sulfatebi, perqloratebi <strong>da</strong> a.S.), Tumca<br />
kontrpolarizaciasa <strong>da</strong> nivTierebis Termul mdgradobas Soris yovelTvis<br />
ar aris martivi <strong>da</strong>mokidebuleba. zogjer nivTierebis <strong>da</strong>Slis procesebze<br />
erTdroulad ramdenime faqtori moqmedebs. magaliTad, ceziumis karbonati,<br />
tute metalebis karbonatebs Soris yvelaze mdgradi un<strong>da</strong> iyos,<br />
radgan Cs-is erTmuxtiani kationi, didi radiusis gamo, naklebi mapolarizebeli<br />
moqmedebiT xasiaTdeba. Tumca, eqsperimentuli monacemebi<strong>da</strong>n gamomdinare,<br />
misi <strong>da</strong>Slis temperatura liTiumis karbonatis <strong>da</strong>Slis<br />
temperaturazec ki ufro <strong>da</strong>balia. amis mizezi aRmoCn<strong>da</strong> liTiumis oqsidis<br />
advilad aqroladoba.<br />
naxazi 22. kontrpolarizebuli karbonat-ioni<br />
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