zogadi da araorganuli qimia nawili meore (qimiuri elementebi)
zogadi da araorganuli qimia nawili meore (qimiuri elementebi)
zogadi da araorganuli qimia nawili meore (qimiuri elementebi)
Create successful ePaper yourself
Turn your PDF publications into a flip-book with our unique Google optimized e-Paper software.
Jangbadis miRebis laboratoriuli xerxebi <strong>da</strong>fuZnebulia Jangbad-<br />
Semcveli marilebis (ZiriTadi <strong>elementebi</strong>s maRali JangviTi ricxviT) <strong>da</strong><br />
zogierTi sxva naerTis <strong>da</strong>Slis reaqciebze.<br />
1. kaliumis oqsamanganatis (permanganatis) Termuli <strong>da</strong>Sla:<br />
2KMnO4 → K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2<br />
am xerxiT miiReba sufTa Jangbadi.<br />
2. berToles marilis Termul-katalizuri <strong>da</strong>Sla:<br />
2KClO3 → 2KCl + 3O2<br />
am reaqciis katalizatoria MnO2. am xerxiT miRebuli Jangbadi mcire<br />
minarevis saxiT Seicavs qlors, romelic manganumis dioqsidis kaliumis<br />
qloratiT <strong>da</strong>JangviT warmoiqmneba:<br />
MnO2 + 2KClO3 → K2MnO4 + Cl2 + 2O2<br />
3. tute metalTa nitratebis Termuli <strong>da</strong>Sla:<br />
2KNO3 → 2KNO2 + O2<br />
laboratoriaSi Jangbadis misaRebad gamoiyeneba wyalbadis peroqsidis<br />
katalizuri (MnO2-is Tanaobisas) <strong>da</strong>Sla <strong>da</strong> vercxliswylis oqsidis<br />
Termuli <strong>da</strong>Sla:<br />
2H2O2 → 2H2O+ O2<br />
2HgO → 2Hg + O2<br />
fizikuri Tvisebebi: airadi Jangbadi ufero, usuno, haerze <strong>da</strong>axlobiT<br />
1,1-jer mZime airia. wyalSi mcired ixsneba. 20 0 C-ze 100 moculoba wyalSi<br />
ixsneba 3,1 moculoba Jangbadi, rac odnav aRemateba wyalbadis wyalSi<br />
xsnadobas.<br />
<strong>qimiuri</strong> Tvisebebi: Jangbadi fToris Semdeg yvelaze eleqtrouaryofiTi<br />
elementia (X=3,7) <strong>da</strong> mkveTrad gamoxatuli arametaluri Tvisebebi<br />
aqvs. amitom sxva <strong>elementebi</strong>s mimarT upiratesad mJangav unars iCens.<br />
igi TiTqmis yvela elementTan warmoqmnis oqsids. gamonaklisia He, Ne <strong>da</strong><br />
Ar. Jangbadi uSualod ar uerTdeba halogenebs, oqros <strong>da</strong> platinis<br />
ojaxis elementebs. maTi oqsidebi miiReba arapir<strong>da</strong>piri gziT. molekuluri<br />
Jangbadis monawileobiT mimdinare <strong>qimiuri</strong> reaqciebis siCqare <strong>da</strong>mokidebulia<br />
masTan urTierTqmedi nivTierebis bunebaze <strong>da</strong> reaqciis<br />
pirobebze (temperatura, katalizatori, Sexebis ze<strong>da</strong>piri <strong>da</strong> sxv.).<br />
gacxelebisas <strong>da</strong> katalizatorebis Tanaobisas Jangbadi avlens maRal<br />
qimiur aqtiurobas. energiulad uerTdeba metalebs. bevri metali,<br />
gansakuTrebiT maRal temperaturaze, aqtiurad urTierTqmedebs Jangbad-<br />
Tan Sesabamisi oqsidebis warmoqmniT. tute metalebi, liTiumis gar<strong>da</strong>,<br />
warmoqmian peroqsidebsa <strong>da</strong> hiperoqsidebs:<br />
4Li + O2 → 2 Li2O<br />
2Na + O2 → Na2O2 (natriumis peroqsidi)<br />
2K + 2O2 → K2O4 (kaliumis hiperoqsidi)<br />
sxva liTonebi JangbadTan oqsidebs warmoqmnis:<br />
2Ca + O2 → 2 CaO<br />
4Al + 3O2 → 2Al2O3<br />
3Fe + 2O2 → Fe3O4<br />
es reaqciebi egzoTermulia. isini met-naklebi siTbos gamoyofiT mimdinareobs.<br />
rac meti siTbo gamoiyofa, miT ufro mdgradia miRebuli oqsidi.<br />
magaliTad, 2Mg +O2 → 2MgO. am reaqciis dros 598 kj/moli siTbo gamoiyofa,<br />
rac warmoqmnili magniumis oqsidis maRal mdgradobas ganapirobebs.<br />
33
Change language