zogadi da araorganuli qimia nawili meore (qimiuri elementebi)
zogadi da araorganuli qimia nawili meore (qimiuri elementebi)
zogadi da araorganuli qimia nawili meore (qimiuri elementebi)
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CO mzis sinaTleze an ultraiisferi sxivebiT <strong>da</strong>sxivebisas (naxSiris,<br />
rogorc katalizatoris Tanaobisas) uerTdeba qlors <strong>da</strong> warmoqmnis<br />
momwamlav airs, fosgens:<br />
CO + Cl2 → COCl2<br />
fosgeni <strong>qimiuri</strong> iaraRis saxiT gamoyenebul iqna pirvel msoflio<br />
omSi. amJamad gamoiyeneba polikarbonatis, saRebavebisa <strong>da</strong> mTeli rigi<br />
sxva naerTebis misaRebad.<br />
CO uerTdeba d –gar<strong>da</strong>maval metalebs karboniluri kompleqsebis warmoqmniT,<br />
rac misi molekulis donoruli TvisebiT aris ganpirobebuli.<br />
Ni + 4CO → [Ni(CO)4]<br />
Fe + 5CO → [Fe(CO)5]<br />
donoruli Tvisebis gar<strong>da</strong> CO amJRavnebs aqceptorul bunebasac.<br />
vakantur orbitalebze SeuZlia ganaTavsos metalis d-qvedoneze arsebuli<br />
savalento eleqtronebi (π-<strong>da</strong>tiuri bma). gamomdinare aqe<strong>da</strong>n, CO,<br />
rogorc σ-donoruli <strong>da</strong> π-aqceptoruli ligandi, gar<strong>da</strong>maval metalebTan<br />
warmoqmnis kompleqsebs.<br />
naxSirbad(IV) oqsidi (naxSirbadis dioqsidi) ufero, usuno airia,<br />
haerze 1,5-jer mZimea, amitom misi `ga<strong>da</strong>sxma~ SeiZleba WurWli<strong>da</strong>n Wur-<br />
WelSi. naxSirbadis dioqsidi bunebaSi warmoiqmneba cxovelebisa <strong>da</strong><br />
mcenareebis sunTqvisa <strong>da</strong> nia<strong>da</strong>gSi organuli naSTebis xrwnis dros.<br />
oTaxis temperaturaze <strong>da</strong> 60 atm. wnevaze CO2 Txevaddeba. gaTxevadebul<br />
CO 2-s inaxaven foladis balonebSi <strong>da</strong> iyeneben cecxlmaqrebSi.<br />
myari naxSirbadis dioqsidi cnobilia `mSrali yinulis~ saxelwodebiT,<br />
romelsac iyeneben gamaciveblad. mSral yinuls molekuluri struqtura<br />
aqvs. misi aorTqleba xdeba Txevad mdgomareobaSi ga<strong>da</strong>svlis gareSe.<br />
naxSirbadis dioqsids gaaCnia xazovani aRnagoba, rac miuTiTebs<br />
naxSirbadis atomis sp-hibridul mdgomareobaze.<br />
O=C=O molekulaSi ormagi bmebis arseboba ganapirobebs Termodinamikur<br />
mdgradobas. TiToeuli bma, naxSirbadsa <strong>da</strong> Jangbads Soris,<br />
polarulia, magram misi molekula mTlianobaSi arapolarulia; bmebis<br />
simetriuli ganlagebis gamo jamuri dipoluri momenti nulis tolia.<br />
miReba:<br />
1. haerSi an JangbadSi naxSirbadis sruli wviT:<br />
C + O2 → CO2<br />
2. zogierTi karbonatis (mag., kalciumis an magniumis) Termuli<br />
<strong>da</strong>SliT:<br />
CaCO3 → CaO + CO2↑<br />
3. hidrokarbonatebis <strong>da</strong>SliT:<br />
2NaHCO3 → Na2CO3 + CO2 + H2O<br />
4. karbonatebze ganz. mJavebis moqmedebiT:<br />
CaCO3 + 2HCl → CaCl2 + CO2↑ + H2O<br />
CO2 didi raodenobiT gaxsnilia zRvebisa <strong>da</strong> mdinareebis wyalSi, mas<br />
Seicavs saqarTvelos mTeli rigi mineraluri wylebi. CO2 didi raodenobiT<br />
gamoiyofa vulkanuri amofrqvevis dros.<br />
<strong>qimiuri</strong> Tvisebebi: CO2-is molekula sakmaod mdgradia, mis areSi wva<br />
ar xdeba, magram cecxlmokidebuli magniumi CO2-Si wvas agrZelebs masSi<br />
Semavali Jangbadis xarjze:<br />
CO2 + 2Mg → 2MgO + C + ∆H<br />
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