zogadi da araorganuli qimia nawili meore (qimiuri elementebi)
zogadi da araorganuli qimia nawili meore (qimiuri elementebi)
zogadi da araorganuli qimia nawili meore (qimiuri elementebi)
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maSasa<strong>da</strong>me, azotis molekulaSi atomebs Soris xorcieldeba sami bma:<br />
erTi σsp-sp <strong>da</strong> ori πp-p bma.<br />
molekuluri azoti maRali <strong>qimiuri</strong> mdgradobiT gamoirCeva, rasac<br />
ganapirobebs azotis atomebs Soris arsebuli mtkice <strong>qimiuri</strong> bma. atomebi<strong>da</strong>n<br />
molekuluri azotis warmoqmna egzoTermuli procesia mniSvnelovani siTburi<br />
efeqtiT. amitom azotis molekulebSi bmebis <strong>da</strong>saxleCad Zalze didi energiaa<br />
saWiro:<br />
2N N 2<br />
(ΔH = - 936, 768 kj/moli)<br />
azotis atombirTvebs Soris manZili 0,109 nm-ia, rac ganapirobebs misi<br />
molekulis simtkices. azotis atomebs Soris sammag bmaSi erT-erT bmas<br />
uCveulod maRali energia aRmoaCn<strong>da</strong> (E bm=522,75 kj/moli), rac aZnelebs sammagi<br />
bmis <strong>da</strong>rRvevas.<br />
miReba:<br />
mrewvelobaSi azoti miiReba haeris gaTxevadebiT <strong>da</strong> Txevadi haeris<br />
fraqciuli gamoxdiT. azoti Jangbadze ufro <strong>da</strong>balmduRarea (duR.t. -196 0 C-is<br />
tolia), amitom is Jangbadze adre orTqldeba, rac misi Jangbadisagan <strong>da</strong>cilebis<br />
SesaZleblobas ganapirobebs. misi miReba aseve SeiZleba garkveul<br />
temperaturaze gaxurebul rkinaze haeris nakadis gatarebiT. am dros azoti<br />
sufTavdeba haeris Jangbadisagan, magram minarevis saxiT Seicavs inertul<br />
airebs <strong>da</strong> zogierT sxva minarevs (mag., CO2).<br />
laboratoriul pirobebSi azots ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d amoniumis nitritis an<br />
amoniumis diqromatis Termuli <strong>da</strong>SliT Rebuloben:<br />
NH4NO2 → N2 + 2H2O<br />
(NH4)2Cr2O7 → N2 + Cr2O3 + 4H2O<br />
amoniumis nitritis Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT <strong>da</strong>bali mdgradobis gamo, SesaZlebelia<br />
azotis miReba natriumis nitritis amoniumis qloridTan gaxurebiT:<br />
NaNO2 + NH4Cl → N2 ↑+ NaCl + 2H2O<br />
fizikuri <strong>da</strong> <strong>qimiuri</strong> Tvisebebi: molekuluri azoti usuno, ufero,<br />
wyalSi mcired xsnadi airia. is sammagi bmis maRali mdgradobis gamo<br />
qimiurad inertulia, magram saTanado pirobebis SerCeviT bevr martiv<br />
nivTierebasTan reagirebs. molekuluri azoti uerTdeba aqtiur metalebs<br />
metalTa Zabvis mwkrivSi aluminis CaTvliT (oTaxis temperaturaze azoti<br />
mxolod Li-Tan urTierTqmedebs) nitridebis warmoqmniT:<br />
6 Li + N2 → 2 Li 3N<br />
3 Mg + N2 → Mg 3N2<br />
magniumis anTebuli lenta azotian WurWelSi Setanisas wvas ganagrZobs<br />
Sesabamisi nitridis warmoqmniT. Mg−N bma maRali simtkiciT gamoirCeva.<br />
azoti arametalebTanac moqmedebs, Jangbadi, wyalbadi <strong>da</strong> a.S.<br />
reaqciebi arametalebTan mxolod maRal temperaturaze mimdinareobs.<br />
azoti wyalbadTan optimaluri siCqariT reagirebs 450-500<br />
55<br />
0C-ze <strong>da</strong> 10-<br />
30 mpa wnevaze, katalizatorebis Tanaobisas (amiakis sinTezis samrewvelo<br />
meTodi – atmosferuli azotis bmul azotad gar<strong>da</strong>qmnis ZiriTadi xerxi):<br />
N2 + 3H2 2NH3 reaqcia katalizuria, katalizatirad gamoiyeneba garkveuli wesiT<br />
<strong>da</strong>mzadebuli forovani rkina promotorebiT – K2O, Al2O3, SiO2.<br />
azoti naxSirbadTan (gavarvarebul koqsTan) warmoqmnis dicians –<br />
(CN)2, xolo siliciumTan maRaltemperaturaze (10000C) – qimiurad mdgrad<br />
naerTs, Si3N4 :<br />
N2 + 2C → (CN)2
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