zogadi da araorganuli qimia nawili meore (qimiuri elementebi)
zogadi da araorganuli qimia nawili meore (qimiuri elementebi)
zogadi da araorganuli qimia nawili meore (qimiuri elementebi)
You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles
YUMPU automatically turns print PDFs into web optimized ePapers that Google loves.
qloratebis frTxili aRdgeniT miiReba qloris dioqsidi _ ClO2,<br />
feTqebadi, yviTeli feris airi, igi Zlieri mJangavia. ClO2 berToles<br />
marilze konc. H2SO4 -is moqmedebiTac miiReba:<br />
B KClO3 + H2SO4 → HClO3 + KHSO4<br />
miRebuli HClO3 iSleba:<br />
K 3HClO3 →HClO4 + 2ClO2 + H2O<br />
Cveulebriv pirobebSi berToles marilze konc. H2SO4-is <strong>da</strong>matebisas<br />
SeiniSneba yviTeli feris airis gamoyofa, romelic ClO2-ia.<br />
ClO2 tutesTan disproporcionirebis reaqciaSi Sedis:<br />
2ClO2 + 2KOH → KClO2 + KClO3 + H2O<br />
KClO2-is Sesabamisi mJava _ HClO2 Zalian aramdgradia. siZlieriT <strong>da</strong><br />
mJangavi unariT is Sualeduria HClO2-sa <strong>da</strong> HClO3-s Soris.<br />
B KClO3 _ berToles marili gaxurebis pirobebis mixedviT ori gansxvavebuli<br />
sqemiT iSleba:<br />
1) 2KClO3 ⎯ ⎯⎯⎯→ (kat.)<br />
MnO2<br />
2KCl +3O2↑<br />
katalizator MnO2-Tan erTad gaxurebisas <strong>da</strong>Sla ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d am<br />
sqemiT mimdinareobs.<br />
2) ukatalizatorod gaxurebisas ki <strong>da</strong>Sla ori marilis warmoqmniT<br />
midis:<br />
K4KClO3 → KCl + 3KClO4<br />
KClO4 _ kaliumis perqlorati anu tetraoqsoqlorati. aRniSnul marilze<br />
koncent. H2SO4-is moqmedebiT SeiZleba Tavisufali saxiT HClO4-is<br />
miReba. HClO4 _ ufero, haerze mbolavi mJavaa. igi mJavebs Soris yvelaze<br />
Zlieri mJavaa.<br />
KClO4 +H2SO4 → KHSO4 + HClO4<br />
Semcirebuli wnevis pirobebSi SesaZlebelia misi gamox<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> Tavisufali<br />
saxiT miReba.<br />
uwylo HClO4 naklebad mdgradia. Senaxvisas sruliad umizezod SeiZleba<br />
afeTqdes. misi wyalxsnari ki mdgradia. rogorc mJangavi, gacilebiT<br />
nakleb aqtiuria, vidre qloris sxva oqsomJavebi. misi ganzavebuli xsnari<br />
saerTod ar aris mJangavi.<br />
[ClO4]¯ tetraedruli aRnagobisaa, rac qloris atomis savalento<br />
orbitalebis sp 3 hibri<strong>da</strong>cias Seesabameba, romelic stabilizdeba π bmebiT.<br />
miRebulia mravali tetraoqsoqlorati, romelTa Soris yvelaze mni-<br />
Svnelovania KClO4, romelic miiReba KClO3 xsnaris eleqtroliziT. tetraoqsoqloratebs<br />
ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d, feTqebadi nivTierebebis <strong>da</strong>samzadeblad<br />
iyeneben.<br />
tetraoqsoqloratebis (perqloratebis) umravlesoba wyalSi xsnadia.<br />
Semcirebuli wnevis pirobebSi HClO4-is P2O5-Tan susti SeTbobisas<br />
miiReba ufero zeTisebri siTxe, romelic HClO4-is anhidrids<br />
warmoadgens:<br />
2HClO4 + P2O5 → 2HPO3 + Cl2O7<br />
gacxelebisas Cl2O7 feTqdeba, Tumca Cl2O-sa <strong>da</strong> ClO2–Tan Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT<br />
ufro mdgradia. masze wylis moqmedebiT qlormJava miiReba.<br />
mJangavi unari izrdeba<br />
HClO, HClO2, HClO3, HClO4<br />
mJavas siZliere izrdeba<br />
22
Change language