zogadi da araorganuli qimia nawili meore (qimiuri elementebi)
zogadi da araorganuli qimia nawili meore (qimiuri elementebi)
zogadi da araorganuli qimia nawili meore (qimiuri elementebi)
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naerTebi ZiriTadi elementis +2 JangviTi ricxviT: es mdgomareoba<br />
yvelaze metad tyviisaTvis aris <strong>da</strong>maxasiaTebeli, germaniumis naerTebi<br />
misi atomis +2 JangviTi ricxviT sakmaod mcirericxovania.<br />
tyviis naerTebi<strong>da</strong>n misi atomis +2 JangviTi ricxviT aRsaniSnavia<br />
nitrati <strong>da</strong> acetati. sxva marilebi wyalSi an mcired xsnadi Pb(Hal)2 an<br />
praqtikulad uxsnadia PbSO4, PbCrO4.... amiT aixsneba tyviis mdgradoba<br />
bevri mJavis moqmedebis mimarT.<br />
oqsidebi EO <strong>da</strong> E(OH)2 amfoterulia:<br />
E(OH)2 + 2HCl → ECl2 + 2H2O<br />
E(OH)2 + 2NaOH → Na2[E(OH)4]<br />
amasTan tyviis naerTebSi misi atomis +2 JangviTi ricxviT ufro<br />
vlindeba fuZe Tvisebebi, germaniumis naerTebSi ki − mJava Tvisebebi.<br />
Ge(II)-is <strong>da</strong> Sn(II)-is naerTebi Zlieri aRmdgenebia.<br />
SnCl2 _ oTaxis temperaturaze moqmedebs qlorTan:<br />
Fe +3 -s aRadgens Fe +2 -mde:<br />
SnCl2 + Cl2 → SnCl4<br />
2FeCl3 + SnCl2 → 2 FeCl2 + SnCl4<br />
sulemis xsnarze SnCl2-is siWarbisas aRdgena metalamde mimdinareobs:<br />
2HgCl2 + SnCl2 → SnCl4 + Hg2Cl2↓<br />
Hg2Cl2 + SnCl2 → SnCl4 + 2Hg<br />
aseve metalamde aRadgens bismuts misi nitrati<strong>da</strong>n:<br />
2 Bi(NO3)3 + 3 Na2[Sn(OH)4] + 6 NaOH → 2 Bi + 3 Na2[Sn(OH)6] + 6 NaNO3<br />
CrO4 2- ions aRadgens Cr +3 -mde <strong>da</strong> a.S. Sn-s <strong>da</strong> gogirdis uSualo<br />
moqmedebiT an kala(II)-is marilebze H2S-is moqmedebiT gamoiyofa yavisferi<br />
naleqi SnS, romelic ar ixsneba ganz. Zlier mJavebSi <strong>da</strong> arc<br />
amoniumis sulfidSi SnS Tiomarilebs ar warmoqmnis:<br />
Sn + S → SnS<br />
SnCl2 + H2S → SnS ↓ + 2 HCl<br />
PbS Savi feris naleqia. wyalSi <strong>da</strong> mJavaSi uxsnadi. miiReba Pb(II)-is<br />
marilebze H2S-is moqmedebiT:<br />
Pb(NO3)3 + H2S → PbS ↓ + 2 HNO3<br />
GeS miiReba GeS2-is germaniumTan gacxelebiT:<br />
GeS2 + S → 2 GeS<br />
PbS-gan gansxvavebiT GeS <strong>da</strong> SnS amoniumis persulfidiT iJangebian:<br />
SnS + (NH4)2S2 → SnS2 + (NH4)2S<br />
am reaqciazea <strong>da</strong>myarebuli SnS-is <strong>da</strong> PbS-is erTmaneTisagan <strong>da</strong>cileba.<br />
halogenidebi ZiriTadi elementis +2 JangviTi ricxviT halogenis<br />
metalebTan uSualo moqmedebiT mxolod tyviis SemTxvevaSi warmoiqmneba:<br />
t<br />
Pb + Cl2 PbCl2 SnCl2 miiReba kalaze marilmJavas moqmedebiT. germanium(II)-is qloridi<br />
ki Semdegi reaqciiT:<br />
GeCl4 + Ge → 2GeCl2<br />
naerTebi ZiriTadi elementis +4 JangviTi ricxviT: samive elementisa-<br />
Tvis cnobilia dioqsidebi: GeO2, SnO2, PbO2.<br />
GeO2 _ germaniumis erT-erTi yvelaze mdgradi naerTia. TeTri feris<br />
fxvnilia. amfoterulia. mJavasTan Znelad, magram mainc Sedis reaqciaSi:<br />
t<br />
GeO2 + 4 HCl p GeCl4 + 2 H2O advilad moqmedebs tutesTan:<br />
GeO2 + 2 NaOH → Na2GeO3 + H2O<br />
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