zogadi da araorganuli qimia nawili meore (qimiuri elementebi)
zogadi da araorganuli qimia nawili meore (qimiuri elementebi)
zogadi da araorganuli qimia nawili meore (qimiuri elementebi)
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CaCO3 +Al2O3 → Ca(AlO)2 + CO2<br />
cementis xsnaris gamyarebisas mimdinareobs hidrataciisa <strong>da</strong><br />
polikondensaciis rTuli procesebi.<br />
2CaSO4·H2O gamomwvari TabaSiri anu alebastri. mas amzadeben<br />
TabaSiris gacxelebiT 150-190 O C-is farglebSi. 2CaSO4·H2O-is wyalTan<br />
Serevisas mimdinareobs warTmeuli wylis <strong>da</strong>bruneba, rasac moyveba mTeli<br />
masis gamyareba.<br />
2[CaSO4 ·0.5H2O] + 3H2O → 2[CaSO4· 2H2O ]<br />
am reaqciazea <strong>da</strong>myarebuli naxevarwyliani TabaSiris gamyareba<br />
samSeneblo saqmeSi.<br />
mSeneblobaSi gamoiyeneba agreTve Camqrali kiris narevi silasTan <strong>da</strong><br />
wyalTan (kiriani xsnari). es xsnari magrdeba Ca(OH)2-is haeris naxSiror-<br />
JangTan <strong>da</strong> `silis~ Semadgenel SiO2-Tan reaqciebis Sedegad:<br />
Ca(OH)2 + CO2 → CaCO3 + H2O<br />
Ca(OH)2 + SiO2 → CaSiO3 + H2O<br />
orive reaqciis Sedegad wyali gamoiyofa, aqe<strong>da</strong>n gamomdinare am<br />
xsnaris gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi, axla<strong>da</strong>Senebuli saxlebi didxans<br />
inarCunebs sinestes.<br />
wylis sixiste. kalciumisa <strong>da</strong> magniumis marilebis Semcveloba<br />
bunebriv wyals sixistes aniWebs. kirqvis fenebTan CO2-iani wylis<br />
Sexebisas adgili aqvs karbonatebis hidrokarbonatebad gar<strong>da</strong>qmnas,<br />
romlebic wyalSi kargad ixsnebian:<br />
CaCO3 + CO2 + H2O → Ca(HCO3)2<br />
MgCO3 + CO2 + H2O → Mg(HCO3)2<br />
aRniSnuli reaqciebi ganapirobebs bunebriv wylebSi kalciumisa <strong>da</strong><br />
magniumis hidrokarbonatebis arsebobas. ganasxvaveben droebiT <strong>da</strong> mudmiv<br />
sixistes. gar<strong>da</strong>maval anu droebiT sixistes wyals kalciumisa <strong>da</strong><br />
magniumis hidrokarbonatebi aniWebs, mudmivs ki _ sulfatebi <strong>da</strong><br />
qloridebi.<br />
gar<strong>da</strong>mavali anu droebiTi sixistis Tavi<strong>da</strong>n acileba wylis<br />
duRiliTac xerxdeba:<br />
Ca(HCO3)2 → CaCO3 + CO2 + H2O<br />
Mg(HCO3)2 → MgCO3 + CO2 + H2O<br />
<strong>qimiuri</strong> saSualebiT wylis <strong>da</strong>rbileba <strong>da</strong>myarebulia Ca 2+ <strong>da</strong> Mg 2+<br />
uxsnad naerTebad gar<strong>da</strong>qmnaze, rac xerxdeba wyalSi iseTi ionebis<br />
SeyvaniT (CO3 2- , PO4 3- , OH - ), romlebic Ca 2+ <strong>da</strong> Mg 2+ ionebTan uxsnad naerTebs<br />
warmoqmnis. am mizniT gamoiyeneba so<strong>da</strong>, potaSi, Camqrali kiri, natriumis<br />
fosfati <strong>da</strong> a.S.:<br />
CaSO4 + Na2CO3 → CaCO3 + Na2SO4<br />
Ca(HCO3)2 + Ca(OH)2 → 2CaCO3 + H2O<br />
MgSO4 + Ca(OH)2 → Mg (OH)2 + CaSO4<br />
teqnikaSi wylis <strong>da</strong>sarbileblad yvelaze iafi saSualebaa ionitebis<br />
gamoyeneba. mimdinare procesi SeiZleba Semdegi sqemiT warmovadginoT:<br />
Na2R + Ca(HCO3)2 → 2NaHCO3 + CaR<br />
Na2R + CaSO4 → CaR + Na2SO4<br />
sa<strong>da</strong>c, R _ rTuli alumosilikaturi anionia _ [Al2Si2O8 · nH2O] 2-<br />
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