zogadi da araorganuli qimia nawili meore (qimiuri elementebi)
zogadi da araorganuli qimia nawili meore (qimiuri elementebi)
zogadi da araorganuli qimia nawili meore (qimiuri elementebi)
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civi konc. azotmJava <strong>da</strong> konc. gogirdmJava mas apasiurebs. aRniSnul<br />
mJavebTan rkina reaqciaSi mxolod maRal temperaturaze Sedis Fe +3-is (Zlieri mJangavebia) marilebis warmoqmniT:<br />
Fe + 6HNO3 konc. → Fe(NO3)3 + 3NO2↑ + 3H2O<br />
2Fe + 6H2SO4 konc. → Fe2(SO4)3 + 3SO2↑ + 6H2O<br />
rkina Zlier ganz. azotmJavas NH3-mde aRadgens, romelic sabolood<br />
amoniumis nitratad gar<strong>da</strong>iqmneba:<br />
Fe + 10HNO3 → 4Fe(NO3)2 + NH4NO3 + 3H2O<br />
igi marilTa wyalxsnarebi<strong>da</strong>n aZevebs masze nakleb aqtiur metalebs:<br />
Fe + CuSO4 → FeSO4 + Cu<br />
xolo Tu metali Zabvis mwkrivSi spilenZis marjvniv aris moTavsebuli,<br />
am SemTxvevaSi rkina warmomqmnis marils (+3) JangviTi ricxviT:<br />
Fe + 3AgNO3 → Fe(NO3)3 + 3Ag↓<br />
rkinis naerTebi nulovani JangviTi ricxviT [Fe(CO)5].<br />
naxSirbad(II)-is oqsidTan rkina warmoqmnis Sesabamis pentakarbonils,<br />
romelic wyalSi uxsnadi yviTeli aqroladi siTxea (duR.t. 103°C):<br />
Fe + 5CO → Fe(CO)5<br />
rkinis pentakarbonili kargad ixsneba organul gamxsnelebSi, mag.,<br />
dieTilis eTerSi, benzolSi <strong>da</strong> sxv. mis molekulas aqvs trigonaluri<br />
bipiramidis struqtura, romelsac Seesabameba rkinis makavSirebeli<br />
orbtalebis dsp 3 -hibridizacia.<br />
Fe (O)d 8<br />
3d 4s 4p<br />
π-bmebi σ-bmebi (dsp 3 hibridizacia)<br />
Fe→CO Fe←CO<br />
sqema 16.<br />
gacxelebisas rkinis karbonili iSleba sufTa rkinis warmoqmniT<br />
(sufTa rkinis miRebis xerxi):<br />
Fe(CO)5 → Fe + 5CO<br />
rkinis naerTebi +2 JangviTi ricxviT: kationi Fe 2+ (eleqtronuli<br />
konfiguracia 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 6 ) uferoa, paramagnituria, aRmdgenia, gansakuTrebiT<br />
tute garemoSi, roca is Zalian advilad iJangeba (+3)-mde haeris<br />
JangbadiTac ki. mJava areSi es kationi mdgradia <strong>da</strong> mxolod Zlieri<br />
mJangavebiT iJangeba (KMnO4, K2Cr2O7 <strong>da</strong> a.S.).<br />
rkina(II)-is marilebi miiReba rkinaze, FeO, Fe(OH)2, FeS, FeCO3-ze<br />
marilmJavasa <strong>da</strong> ganzavebuli gogirdmJavas moqmedebiT:<br />
FeS + 2H3O + + 4H2O → [Fe(H2O)6] 2+ + H2S↑<br />
rkina(II)-is oqsidi (FeO) miiReba rkinis oqsalatis (FeC2O4) Termuli<br />
<strong>da</strong>SliT, agreTve Fe2O3-is CO-Ti aRdgeniT:<br />
FeC 2O 4<br />
t<br />
FeO + CO + CO2<br />
Fe2O3 + CO 500o FeO haerze<br />
C<br />
2FeO + CO2<br />
gacxelebisas advilad iJangeba Fe2O3-mde, uhaerod<br />
gacxelebisas ki ganicdis disproporcionirebas:<br />
4FeO<br />
t<br />
Fe3O4 + Fe<br />
ar ixsneba wyalsa <strong>da</strong> tuteSi, advilad ixsneba mineralur mJavebSi:<br />
FeO + 2HCl → FeCl2 + H2O<br />
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