zogadi da araorganuli qimia nawili meore (qimiuri elementebi)
zogadi da araorganuli qimia nawili meore (qimiuri elementebi)
zogadi da araorganuli qimia nawili meore (qimiuri elementebi)
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tutesTan mJangavebis gamoricxvis pirobebSi Cu, Ag, Au reaqciaSi ar<br />
Sedis, magram yvela maTgani ixsneba fuZe cianidebis wyalxsnarSi<br />
Jangbadis Tanaobisas:<br />
4Au + O2 + 8KCN + 2H2O → 4K[Au(CN)2] + 4KOH<br />
4Ag + O2 + 8KCN + 2H2O → 4K[Ag(CN)2] + 4KOH<br />
4Cu + O2 + 8KCN + 2H2O → 4K[Cu(CN)2] + 4KOH<br />
spilenZi amiakis wyalxsnarSic ixsneba Jangbadis Tanaobisas:<br />
4Cu + O2 + 8NH3 + 2H2O → 4[Cu(NH3)2]OH<br />
gavrceleba bunebaSi: samive metali bunebaSi TviTnabadi saxiT aris<br />
gavrcelebuli, gansakuTrebiT _ oqro. spilenZis bunebrivi naerTebi<strong>da</strong>n<br />
aRsaniSnavia Cu2S _ spilenZis kriala, CuFeS2 _ spilenZis kolCe<strong>da</strong>ni, Cu2O _<br />
kupriti, Cu2(OH)2CO3 _ malaqiti <strong>da</strong> a.S.<br />
vercxli <strong>da</strong>moukidebel sabadoebs iSviaTad qmnis, bunebriv naerTebs<br />
Soris aRsaniSnavia Ag2S − vercxlis kriala. es naerTi bunebaSi<br />
spilenZis, tyviis, <strong>da</strong>riSxanis <strong>da</strong> anTimonis sulfidebTan erTad gvxvdeba.<br />
gavrcelebulia agreTve Ag3SbS3, Ag3AsS3, halogenidebi: AgCl, AgBr <strong>da</strong><br />
iSviaTad AgI.<br />
oqro bunebaSi ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d Tavisufali saxiT gvxvdeba. iSviaTad<br />
telurTan naerTis saxiT _ Au2Te, AuAgTe4. TviTnabadi oqro<br />
saqarTveloSic moipoveba.<br />
18.1. spilenZi<br />
miReba: rogorc cnobilia, spilenZs a<strong>da</strong>mianebi uxsovari droi<strong>da</strong>n iyenebdnen,<br />
rasac xels uwyob<strong>da</strong> civ mdgomareobaSi Wedvis unari <strong>da</strong> madnebi<strong>da</strong>n<br />
gamodnobis Se<strong>da</strong>rebiTi simartive.<br />
spilenZisagan a<strong>da</strong>mianebma brinjaos <strong>da</strong>mzadeba <strong>da</strong>iwyes, rogorc Cans,<br />
es Tavi<strong>da</strong>n SemTxveviT mox<strong>da</strong>. brinjaos didi simkvrive <strong>da</strong> simagre,<br />
agreTve advilad lRobis unari xels uwyob<strong>da</strong> mraval sawarmoo sferoSi<br />
spilenZis brinjaoTi gamodevnas. spilenZisa <strong>da</strong> brinjaos warmoeba<br />
berZnebisagan romaelebma iswavles. isini spilenZs <strong>da</strong>pyrobili qveynebi<strong>da</strong>n<br />
mitacebuli madnebi<strong>da</strong>n awarmoebdnen. <strong>da</strong>muSaveba xdebo<strong>da</strong> kretaze <strong>da</strong><br />
kviprosze. swored am kunZulebis saxelwodebi<strong>da</strong>n warmodgeba spilenZis<br />
laTinuri saxelwodeba „kuprum”.<br />
amJamad spilenZis miRebis samrewvelo meTodi Semdegi safexurebis<br />
gavliT mimdinareobs: jer ma<strong>da</strong>ns amdidreben (flotaciuri gziT).<br />
gamdidrebul ma<strong>da</strong>ns gamowvaven. sulfiduri minarevebis udidesi <strong>nawili</strong><br />
gamowvisas oqsidebSi ga<strong>da</strong>dis. spilenZis sulfiduri madnis ZiriTadi<br />
minarevi FeS2-ia. gamowvisas is Fe2O3-sa <strong>da</strong> SO2-s warmoqmnis. es ukanaskneli<br />
gogirdmJavas warmoebaSi gamoiyeneba. minarevebisgan warmoqmnili <strong>da</strong>riSxanisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> surmis oqsidebi aqroladia. rkinis, TuTiisa <strong>da</strong> sxva araaqroladi<br />
oqsidebis mosaSoreblad ki gamodnobis procesSi koqss <strong>da</strong> fluss<br />
umateben. mimdinare reaqciebis Sedegad bevri metalis oqsidi silikatebis<br />
saxiT wi<strong>da</strong>Si ga<strong>da</strong>dis. warmoqmnili Cu2S <strong>da</strong>rCenil FeS-Tan naerTs _<br />
Cu2S·FeS, e.w. „kupferSteins” warmoqmnis. Txevad Steins aTavseben konvertorSi<br />
<strong>da</strong> haeris JangbadiT gar<strong>da</strong>qmnian.<br />
2Cu2S + 3O2 → 2Cu2O + 2SO2<br />
2Cu2O + Cu2S → 6Cu + SO2↑<br />
am procesis Sedegad miiReba <strong>da</strong>axloebiT 93-98% Cu-is Semcveli Savi<br />
anu nedli spilenZi, romlis rafinirebiT (ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d sveli meTodiT _<br />
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