zogadi da araorganuli qimia nawili meore (qimiuri elementebi)
zogadi da araorganuli qimia nawili meore (qimiuri elementebi)
zogadi da araorganuli qimia nawili meore (qimiuri elementebi)
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mcire raodenobiT aris evropiumi, romlisaTvisac ufro <strong>da</strong>maxasiaTebelia<br />
JangviTi ricxvi (+2) <strong>da</strong> amitom is ufro koncentrirebulia<br />
kalciumis qvejgufis <strong>elementebi</strong>s mineralebSi. lanTanidebis Semcveloba<br />
liTosferoSi sakmaod maRalia. maT Soris yvelaze gavrcelebuli<br />
aris ceriumi, xolo yvelaze iSviaTia Tuliumi. amave dros Tuliumi<br />
<strong>da</strong>axloebiT isevea gavrcelebuli, rogorc bismuti, xolo ufro metia,<br />
vidre As, Cd, Hg, Se, romlebic ar miekuTvnebian iSviaT miwaTa metalebs.<br />
lanTanidebis Tvisebebs gansazRvravs ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d 5d 1 6s 2 eleqtronebi,<br />
amitom isini did msgavsebas iCenen III jgufis d-elementebTan _ skandiumTan<br />
<strong>da</strong> mis analogebTan. gansakuTrebuli msgavsebiT ki itriumi <strong>da</strong><br />
lanTani gamoirCeva.<br />
miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad Tvisebebis aseTi gansakuTrebuli msgavsebisa, lanTanadebSi<br />
mainc SeiniSneba gansxvaveba. amasTan maTi zogierTi Tviseba<br />
Ce→Lu am mimarTulebiT monotonurad icvleba, zogierTi ki periodulad.<br />
monotonuri cvlileba aixsneba lanTanoiduri kumSviT Ce→Lu<br />
rigSi atomuri <strong>da</strong> ionuri radiusebis Tan<strong>da</strong>TanobiT SemcirebiT.<br />
xolo f orbitalebis Sevsebis perioduli xasiaTi (eleqtronebi<br />
orbitalebze saxldebian jer TiTo-TiTod, xolo Semdeg wyvilebian)<br />
gansazRvravs lanTanidebisa <strong>da</strong> maTi naerTebis TvisebaTa cvlilebebSi<br />
Sinagan periodulobas.<br />
cxrili 19. lanTanidebis <strong>da</strong>maxasiaTebeli JangviTi ricxvebi<br />
elementi JangviTi<br />
ricxvebi<br />
Ce +3; +4<br />
Pr +3; +4<br />
Nd +3<br />
Pm +3<br />
Sm +3; +2<br />
Eu +3; +2<br />
Gd +3<br />
Tb +3; +4<br />
Dy +3; +4<br />
Ho +3<br />
Er +3<br />
Tu +3; +2<br />
Yb +3; +2<br />
Lu +3<br />
rogorc cxrili<strong>da</strong>n Cans, lanTanidebis <strong>da</strong>maxasiaTebeli ZiriTadi<br />
JangviTi ricxvi aris +3. magram elementebs, romlebic esazRvreba<br />
lanTans (4f 0 ), gadoliniums (4f 2 ) <strong>da</strong> luteciums (4f 14 ), axasiaTebT cvalebadi<br />
JangviTi ricxvebi. mag., Ce (4f 2 6s 2 ) +3-Tan erTad axasiaTebs +4<br />
JangviTi ricxvi, es <strong>da</strong>kavSirebulia ori 4 f eleqtronis ga<strong>da</strong>svlasTan<br />
5d mdgomareobaSi. imave mizezis gamo +4 JangviTi ricxvis gamomJRavneba<br />
SeuZlia prozeodims (4f 3 6s 2 ), Tumca es misTvis ceriumTan Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT<br />
gacilebiT naklebad aris <strong>da</strong>maxasiaTebeli. evropiumi, romelsac (4f 7 6s 2 )<br />
4f orbitalebze 7 eleqtroni aqvs, ufro metad amJRavnebs +2 JangviT<br />
ricxvs.<br />
Sinagani perioduloba: terbiumi <strong>da</strong> disproziumi avlenen ceriumisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> prazeodimis <strong>da</strong>maxasiaTebel JangviT ricxvs, iterbiumi <strong>da</strong> Tuliumi<br />
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