zogadi da araorganuli qimia nawili meore (qimiuri elementebi)
zogadi da araorganuli qimia nawili meore (qimiuri elementebi)
zogadi da araorganuli qimia nawili meore (qimiuri elementebi)
You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles
YUMPU automatically turns print PDFs into web optimized ePapers that Google loves.
misi radioaqtiurobis xarisxis Sefaseba, romlis gamovlenis mizezi<br />
neitronebis moqmedebiT Jangbadis radioaqtiuri izotopis 19 O warmoqmnaa.<br />
aRmoCn<strong>da</strong>, rom erTi <strong>da</strong> imave elementTan Jangbadis sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva izotopis<br />
naerTi TvisebebiT gansxvavebulia. mag., CO, warmoqmnili C<br />
12<br />
18<br />
6 <strong>da</strong> 8 O<br />
12<br />
6 izotopebisagan, gansxvavdeba CO-sagan, romelic miRebulia<br />
C<br />
<strong>da</strong> O<br />
19<br />
8<br />
izotopebisagan. pirvelis lRobis temperaturaa 205 0 C, <strong>meore</strong>si ki _<br />
204,5 0 C. gansxvaveba didi ar aris, magram igi sakmarisia Sesabamisi<br />
izotopebis <strong>da</strong>sacileblad.<br />
molekuluri Jangbadi. misi aRnagoba: Jangbadis molekula<br />
oratomiania _ O2. molekulis warmoqmnaSi monawileobs 2s- <strong>da</strong> 2p-atomuri<br />
orbitalebi (1s eleqtronebi bmis warmoqmnaSi ar monawileobs, isini<br />
aramakavSirebeli eleqtronebia). ori atomuri 2s-orbitali<strong>da</strong>n miiReba<br />
ori molekuluri orbitali σmak. <strong>da</strong> σgamTiSavi, romlebic eleqtronebiT<br />
bolomde Sevsebulia. amitom isini faqtiurad erTmaneTs akompensireben<br />
<strong>da</strong> molekulis warmoqmnaSi araviTari wvlili ar SeaqvT. rac Seexeba 2porbitalebs,<br />
maTgan miRebuli eqvsi molekuluri orbitali<strong>da</strong>n sami<br />
makavSirebelia <strong>da</strong> sami gamTiSavi. rogorc cnobilia, molekulur orbitalebze<br />
eleqtronebis ganawileba eqvemdebareba igive principebs, rasac<br />
atomur orbitalebze energiis minimumis principi, paulis principi <strong>da</strong><br />
hundis wesi. aqe<strong>da</strong>n gamomdinare, pirvel yovlisa, eleqtronebiT ivseba<br />
makavSirebeli orbitalebi: [(σz) 2 <strong>da</strong> [(πx) 2 , (πy) 2 ], rasac sWirdeba eqvsi<br />
eleqtroni. <strong>da</strong>rCenili ori eleqtroni hundis wesis Sesabamisad ikavebs<br />
erTnairi energiis π*-gamTiSav orbitalebs (π*x)′ <strong>da</strong> (π*y).<br />
2p<br />
2s<br />
atomuri<br />
orbitalebi<br />
O<br />
molekuluri<br />
orbitalebi<br />
O2 σ* z<br />
π ∗ x π ∗ y<br />
π x π y<br />
σ z<br />
σ*s<br />
σs<br />
atomuri<br />
orbitalebi<br />
O<br />
naxazi 3. Jangbadis molekulis (O2-is) molekuluri orbitalebis<br />
energetikuli sqema<br />
2p<br />
2s<br />
31
Change language