zogadi da araorganuli qimia nawili meore (qimiuri elementebi)
zogadi da araorganuli qimia nawili meore (qimiuri elementebi)
zogadi da araorganuli qimia nawili meore (qimiuri elementebi)
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mineralebi am mizniT ar gamoiyeneba, radgan am SemTxvevaSi gogirdis<br />
Warbi raodenobiT Semcveli <strong>da</strong>galxarisxovani Senadnobi miiReba.<br />
madni<strong>da</strong>n foladis miReba Semdegi safexurebis gavliT mimdinareobs:<br />
rkinis aRdgena metalur mdgomareobamde, JangviTi procesebi<br />
arasasurveli nivTierebebis mosaSoreblad <strong>da</strong> Semdeg etapze saWiro<br />
<strong>da</strong>namatebis Setana foladis misaRebad. TujSi naxSirbadis Semcveloba<br />
1,7%-ze maRalia. igi Seicavs agreTve mis Tanxmleb elementebs: gogirds,<br />
fosfors, siliciums <strong>da</strong> manganums. madni<strong>da</strong>n jer Tujs adnoben <strong>da</strong> Semdeg<br />
gar<strong>da</strong>qmnian fola<strong>da</strong>d. foladi rkinis Senadnobia, romelic Seicavs<br />
naxSirbads 10,1-1,7%-mde, 0,3% siliciums, 0,6% manganums, 0,05% fosfors <strong>da</strong><br />
0,05% gogirds.<br />
fizikuri Tvisebebi <strong>da</strong> alotropiuli modifikaciebi: sufTa rkina<br />
kompaqtur mdgomareobaSi movercxlisfro-TeTri metalia. pirobebis<br />
mixedviT mas SeuZlia oTxi alotropiuli modifikaciis saxiT arseboba:<br />
α-Fe, romelic mdgradia 768°C-mde; β-Fe mdgradia 768-906°C-is, γ-Fe 906-1401°Cis<br />
<strong>da</strong> δ-Fe 1401-1536°C-is intervalSi.<br />
α-, β- <strong>da</strong> δ modifikaciebs aqvT moculobacentrirebuli kuburi<br />
struqtura. γ-rkinas ki waxnagcentrirebuli kuburi struqtura. α- <strong>da</strong> δ<br />
modifikaciebi feromagnituria, β <strong>da</strong> γ ki _ diamagnituri.<br />
naxazi 32. rkinis polimorfuli gar<strong>da</strong>qmnebi<br />
<strong>qimiuri</strong> Tvisebebi: kompaqtur mdgomareobaSi rkina mSral haerze<br />
mdgradia, nestian haerze iJangeba <strong>da</strong> warmoqmnis naerTs SedgenilobiT<br />
Fe2O3• nH2O. es ukanaskneli foriani struqturiT xasiaTdeba, amitom<br />
rkinas ver icavs Semgomi <strong>da</strong>Jangvisagan:<br />
2Fe + 1,5O2 + nH2O → Fe2O3• nH2O<br />
wiTel varvarebamde gaxurebuli rkina wylis orTqlTan moqmedebs:<br />
3Fe + 4H2O → Fe3O4 + 4H2↑<br />
Cveulebriv temperaturaze rkina mSral JangbadTan reaqciaSi ar<br />
Sedis. maRal temperaturaze ki JangbadSi iwvis Fe3O4-is warmoqmniT:<br />
3Fe + 2O2 → Fe3O4<br />
aseve maRal temperaturaze moqmedebs qlorTan <strong>da</strong> gogirdTan:<br />
2Fe + 3Cl2 → 2FeCl3<br />
Fe + S → FeS<br />
Zlier mJangavebTan rkina warmoqmnis marilebs (+3) JangviTi ricxviT,<br />
xolo sust mJangavebTan _ (+2) JangviTi ricxviT. ganz. marilmJavasa <strong>da</strong><br />
gogirdmJavasTan rkina moqmedebs, rogorc wyalba<strong>da</strong>mde moTavsebuli<br />
metali wyalbadis gamoyofiT:<br />
Fe + 2HCl → FeCl2 + H2↑<br />
Fe + H2SO4ganz. → FeSO4 + H2↑<br />
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